Diabetotherapy for diabetes mellitus

To achieve a positive effect of treatment, the following principles must be observed: diet compliance, performance of individually selected physical activity, use of drugs that lower blood glucose levels.

The diet for diabetes mellitus type I and II has differences. In diabetes type II, the goal of diet therapy is to reduce body weight. In type I diabetes, the diet is a forced restriction on the quantity and quality of the food taken. Diet in this case is necessary to maintain the optimal level of metabolic processes. This diet includes increasing the amount of carbohydrates to 50-60% of its total energy value.

Carbohydrates have the following effects: reduce the stability of adipose tissue to the action of insulin, increase the rate of utilization of glucose by cells. The amount of fats is reduced to 20-30%.The amount of proteins is reduced to 10-15%, which leads to a slowing of the rate of injury of blood vessels. Carbohydrates that are easily assimilated are severely restricted. Such carbohydrates are sucrose and glucose.

Sweet substitutes are often used. They are divided into 2 groups: natural( caloric) and artificial( non-caloric).The first group includes fructose, xylitol, sorbitol. The second group of sugar substitutes include saccharin, acesulfame, cyclamate, L-aspartame, sucralose.

Dietary fibers that are part of the vegetable, fruit and cereal, have the ability to reduce blood sugar, which is achieved by accelerating the movement of food through the intestines. Also, when eating these foods, the absorption of cholesterol and fatty acids in the intestines is reduced. The amount of dietary fiber should be at least 40 grams per day. If you follow a diet, people suffering from type II diabetes mellitus will lose weight, which leads to compensation of metabolic processes. In case of type IIb diabetes, the diet should be low-calorie, with a gradual decrease in energy value. Usually the calorific value decreases by 500 kcal / day, which leads to a decrease in body weight by 1-2 kg per month. If type II diabetes is combined with obesity, the calorie content of food is reduced by 15-17 kcal / kg of body weight.

In the case of type I diabetes, the number of bread units is calculated. Carrying out these calculations is necessary to determine the dose of insulin preparations, the administration of which is made before each meal. One grain unit corresponds to an energy value of 10-12 g of carbohydrates. For the calculation of grain units, special tables are compiled. Bread units do not reflect the energy value of food to the fullest, since counting does not take into account the amount of proteins and fats.