Resuscitation and first aid for children's accidents
Susan, an early gray-haired mother of a year and a half-year-old child, with whom anything happens all the time, once asked: "Where can I find a doctor with permanent residence? When will the child grow up a little? "When an accident occurs and it can happen even in the safest house and with the smartest children, you, Mom and Dad, are the first salvation service for the child. Here's a course to save the child's life.
If you prepare your house, your skills and your psyche in case of an emergency - and it is likely to arise - when saving a child you will be one step ahead.
Prevent. Make your home as safe as possible by following the recommendations of how
make a home less traumatic for the child, in Article 25.
Prepare. Take a course of cardiopulmonary resuscitation of infants and a course of first aid in case of accidents, and every two years pass the course again. They are organized by your local Red Cross branch or by a hospital. If there are no such courses, gather a group of parents and hire a certified instructor from your local emergency service. Just like in the school of future parents you are trained for the birth of your child, at the courses of cardiopulmonary resuscitation you will be prepared for the life of your child. Children in high school and college also need to undergo a course of CRC, especially if they often sit with younger siblings. In extreme cases, at least see the whole family videocassette for resuscitation. Discuss what you learned on the
courses or when viewing a tape, and practice. Demand that the nurse who is sitting with your child has undergone a cardiopulmonary intensive care course, and if your child goes to the kindergarten, check if the teachers have passed this course.
Practice. From time to time, scroll in your mind, what would you do if. .. Or practice real. Repeat what you showed in the courses. Practice on dolls or pillows, not on children. Develop an action plan and store this strategy in your memory as a training card that instantly pops up, like a reflex, in situations where you need to act quickly.
In this article, we will describe the techniques that you need to know in order to skillfully and quickly save lives in numerous critical situations.
Special Note: The following instructions do not replace the course of first aid or the course of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
If a child suffers, this means that it is trying to eliminate a foreign body from partially blocked airways;if he suffocates, it means that he is desperately trying to draw in air, because the airways are blocked. This is one of the most common causes of child death.
What can not be done?
If the child can cough, cry or speak and is clearly breathing, the airways are not blocked. To produce sounds, air movement is required. Usually, the emetic and cough reflex of the child is enough to bring the foreign body out. In this case, your intervention is unnecessary and potentially dangerous. Instead, just be close, providing emotional support to the child, and calmly say: "It's okay," so that the child does not panic. Remember, you are for the child a mirror that shows when to panic. If you panic, the child also panics. If you can not clearly see a foreign object, do not stare with your finger to find it by touch: thus you can push the object even further into the pharynx.
When to intervene
If the child has the following symptoms, his respiratory tract is blocked:
• the child gasps for air or turns blue;
• loses consciousness( and you suspect that he choked);
• His expression clearly indicates that he choked: wide eyes, open mouth, saliva flowing, frightened expression;
• A child is older, indicates that he choked, a universal sign: he grabs his throat.
If your child chokes: two
techniquesIf your child has any of the above symptoms, there are two approaches to which you can resort: reception Heimlich( also known as thrusts in the abdomen) and back blows combined with jolts in the chest. Admission Heimlich is not recommended for children under one year, as it can potentially cause damage to the vital organs of the abdominal cavity. There have been heated debates over the question of what is best for children from one year to two, the method of striking the back and pushes in the chest or taking Heimlich, but the general view is that for older children and adults, Heimlich's( stomach-tremors)technique. Parents usually feel
more confidently, and therefore make fewer mistakes, performing backstrokes;but in 1988 the safety commission of the American Pediatric Academy recommended the reception of Heimlich in the infant version for children from year to year. It may be necessary to use both blows on the back in combination with shocks in the chest, and jolts in the stomach.
Special note: Whichever method you choose, act as energetically as possible. Do not give up. The foreign body can dissolve or become smaller, or the airways can relax, and the foreign object will come out easier. If your child starts to choke in a public place, call for help loudly, especially if you are not familiar with heart massage and artificial respiration. A guardian angel in the face of a firefighter or a paramedic( or someone else who knows how to do heart massage and artificial lung ventilation), which can help you, while the medical workers are on the move, may be nearby. Act quickly, but all your actions should be considered.
BACK SPRAY IN COMBINATION WITH JACKS IN THE BREAST
Point one: four strokes on the back. Place the child with his legs set wide apart on his arm( on the forearm), so that his head is just below the trunk. Maintain the child's chin with the palm of the hand on which it lies. Apply four quick, strong
strokes between the baby's shoulder blades with the palm base. Simultaneously call for help: "My child choked - call the rescue service!" If you are alone, follow the steps from the first to the fourth, and then run with the child to the phone( see point five).
Point two: thrusts in the chest. If a foreign object does not fly out of the child's respiratory tract( coughing or crying, or you can see something falling from the mouth of the baby) and he still does not breathe, turn it over and put it on his knee. Make four quick, strong thrusts in the chest, pressing the baby's sternum. To find the exact place where you want to press, mentally draw a line between the nipples. The place you need is one finger below the point where this line crosses the sternum. Quickly press the sternum with two or three fingers, lowering it to a depth of 1.5-2.5 cm and letting the sternum return to its normal position between the jolts, without taking away its fingers.
Point three: lowering of the tongue and lower jaw. If the child is still not breathing, see if there is a visible obstruction in the airway. Lower the tongue with your thumb and, holding the tongue and lower jaw clamped between the thumb and the other fingers of one hand, lift the upper jaw of the
, thereby opening the baby's mouth wide to check the back of the pharynx. So you remove the language from the road and the foreign object can open. If you saw a foreign object, take it out with your finger, but do not poke at random, since you can drive the object even deeper.
Item four: breath mouth to mouth. If the baby is still not breathing, make two exhalations of the mouth in the mouth or mouth in the mouth and nose. If, with every blowing in your chest, the baby's chest rises, you can be sure that the airway is clean. Continue artificial
ventilation of the lungs until the child begins to breathe on their own.
Point five: Repeat from the beginning.
Repeat steps 1 through 4 while calling for an ambulance or waiting for specially trained rescue personnel. With practice, the entire sequence of these actions can be performed in less than a minute. Practice on the doll, and you will notice how cleverly you alternate strikes on the back with jerks in the chest, keeping the child sandwiched between two of your palms and throwing it from one position to another.
Jerks in the stomach( Heimlich's reception)
Heimlich's reception is not recommended for children under one year.
If the child is unconscious. Place the baby on your back on a hard surface( on the floor or on the table).Kneel next to the child or stand next to him on the side or at the feet.(Standing between the legs of the child is not recommended when helping very young children, because in this case, too much force is applied when pressing.) Place the base of one palm on the median line between the navel and the thorax( being very careful not to touch the end of the sternum,
Pushing in the stomach, if the child is unconscious,
which can pierce the underlying organs), and the second palm over the first. Quickly press the stomach six to ten times in the direction of the inside and up. The smaller the child, the softer must be the tremors. If, after a jolt in the abdomen, the child does not puncture the foreign body, open the airways, lowering the tongue and lower jaw( tilting his head back), and if you can see a foreign object, remove it with your finger( again, do not look for it blindly).If your actions are not successful, and the baby is still not breathing, give artificial mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and repeat shocks in the abdomen.
If the child is conscious. Stand behind a gasping baby and put your arms around his waist. Squeeze one hand into a fist and apply a fist with your thumb to the baby's abdomen in the middle, just above the navel, but at a safe distance-