Cirrhosis of the liver in the stage of decompensation - symptoms of complications, treatment and diet for normalizing the health of the body
Cirrhosis of the liver at the stage of decompensation is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms of hepatic-cell insufficiency or portal form of hypertension. Decompensation is most often associated with active pathological processes in the liver.
Very often the first stage in the development of decompensation becomes ascites, which manifests itself as a large accumulation of fluid in the abdominal area because the organ ceases to correctly implement its functions. This can correlate with chronic diffuse pathologies - cirrhosis, which provokes viral hepatitis attacks of all types of hepatitis, which have passed into chronic forms. To cause decompensation is capable of strong drug or alcoholic poisoning, as well as the constant drinking of alcoholic beverages.
Symptomatic of decompensation of liver cirrhosis
Decompensated cirrhosis of the liver is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Depletion of the body.
- Lack of appetite.
- Nausea accompanied by weight loss.
- Yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes. Pain in the stomach and in the liver.
- Hemorrhagic syndrome - bleeding from the nose, from the uterus, hemorrhages from the dilated veins in the esophagus, stomach and intestines, uncaused bleeding gums.
The disease can provoke dangerous complications, so decompensation of liver cirrhosis is very dangerous. The patient should be immediately placed in a hospital, to prevent ascites, accumulation of a large volume of fluid in the abdominal cavity, and edema, fluid accumulation in the limbs, especially in the legs and feet. Complication can manifest portal hypertension - when there is bleeding from the affected veins in the cardinal section of the stomach and in the distal esophagus.
This is important! Portal hypertension can be considered the result of a constant increase in pressure throughout the portal vein and swelling in one of its branches.
Decompensation of liver cirrhosis causes weight loss and decreased bone density. The liver gradually hardens due to the death of cells, it is well palpated. Signs of liver encephalopathy are characterized by a violation of mental processes. Besides. The patient complains of not passing a strong itch associated with improper excretion of bile from the body.
Therapeutic process for decompensation
Decompression cirrhosis requires careful selection of treatment, depending on the nature of the disease and its main symptoms:
- With a low concentration of protein in the blood, a transfusion of the solution of albumin and anabolic steroids and blood plasma is prescribed.
- Anemia requires the intake of iron preparations.
- For severe edema and ascites, it is necessary to limit the use of liquid, completely discard salt, take diuretics simultaneously with aldosterone antagonists.
- Paracentesis or otherwise pumping out the liquid is carried out according to the patient's vital signs - it is forbidden to release more than 3 liters once.
- When the infection develops, a course of antibiotics is prescribed.
- The course of hepatoprotectors is required regardless of the cause of the lesion.
At the last stage of the disease, the only way to save a patient is by organ transplantation. This is labor intensive and expensive treatment because of the need to find a suitable donor. In this regard, patients who need a liver transplant are screened, and it is done only for those who have a chance of a subsequent recovery.
Catering at the stage of decompensation
The stage of decompensation is most often accompanied by accumulation of fluid in the abdominal part. It aggravates the problem and progression of liver failure.
Thus, the food should be built individually for each patient. The patient should be weighed every day and measure the diameter of the abdomen. In addition, the doctor calculates the ratio of the amount drunk per day fluid and excreted urine.
This is important! Subject to strict bed rest regime, calorie content of food should be limited to 2000 kcal. Optimum protein is considered to be 70 grams per day. The patient must necessarily receive along with food all the nutrients he needs, especially vitamins.
Salt consumption is reduced to only 2 - 3 grams per day. The daily dose of liquid also decreases to 0.75 liters per day. It is forbidden to eat fried, fatty, sharp, very salty, smoked dishes. To improve the prognosis and speed up the removal of excess fluid, patients need to include diuretics in the diet after agreement with a specialist. Also in this period, you should eat foods with a high content of potassium - they will help to fill the lack of this substance in the body, which is formed due to intensive removal of the liquid.
To improve the appetite and taste of unsalted food, you can add tomato and lemon juice, vinegar, garlic, pepper, bay leaf to it. Proper nutrition with cirrhosis always depends on the stage of pathology and requires preliminary consultation with the attending physician.
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