Signs, diagnosis and effective treatment of dvs syndrome
DIC syndrome or intravascular coagulation syndrome is a serious disease that provokes activation of the intravascular coagulation system.
Treatment of a dvs symptom should be urgent and most effective for any given situation.
Symptoms of the disease
Symptoms of dvs syndrome are primarily characterized by manifestations of primary pathology or complication of pregnancy or childbirth that provoked this lesion. In general, the symptoms of this syndrome include:
- Thrombosis - usually this phenomenon affects the vessels that were damaged by the primary disease. Most often, thrombosis develops in mesenteric arteries, subsequently provoking necrosis of loops in the intestine.
- Hemorrhage - this symptom does not always appear. Hemorrhagic manifestations can be common - severe external or internal bleeding, or local. With the development of an ICE symptom, hemorrhage manifests itself as an unexpected formation of bruising and bruising near injection sites, hemorrhage into the cellulose, gastrointestinal, nasal, pulmonary bleeding, or hemorrhages to the brain, heart, adrenal glands, and the like. Local bleeding can include bleeding from wounds resulting from trauma or surgical intervention.
- Violation of the microcirculation process in the organs. Such deviations develop due to the formation of small blood clots in the bloodstream, which then settle on the walls of the blood vessels of organs and tissues. Most of all, the kidneys, lungs, liver, intestines and stomach suffer from insufficient intake of oxygen from the blood, so they cease to function normally and they form necrosis areas. The skin and muscles are the least affected by circulation disorders.
Often, in the ICE syndrome, the patient has some signs of anemia, namely, a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood. This happens in connection with the destruction of erythrocytes inside the vessels and frequent bleeding.
Forms of the development of the disease
With different forms of DIC syndrome, its various manifestations predominate.
With the development of a fulminant form, severe bleeding occurs. Only after the correct stop, it turns out to reveal microcirculation disorders in combination with kidney, liver, lungs deficiency, ulceration on the mucous surface of the gastrointestinal tract.
When the acute form develops, clinical symptoms are characterized by severe bleeding. First, there are nosebleeds, bleeding from the gums, from the injection site, and then they are supplemented by gastrointestinal bleeding. Also, a pronounced anemic syndrome and a disturbance of tissue repair are known.
As for subacute forms, they are characterized by less painful leakage.
Chronic dvs syndrome initially does not manifest itself at all and at this time it can be detected only with the help of special laboratory diagnostic methods. But with an increase in the severity of the underlying pathology or with the development of complications in the course of pregnancy, the symptoms of DIC syndrome are felt. The severity of symptoms depends entirely on the severity of the underlying disease and on the cause of the onset of DIC syndrome. In microcirculatory disorders, the primary pathology also begins to progress.
Diagnosis of the disease
Modern diagnosis of ICE syndrome consists of three main stages:
- Evaluation by the doctor of the clinical condition of the patient.
- Analysis of received clinical data.
- Laboratory diagnosis of dvs syndrome.
Early diagnosis is usually situational or accidental and is based on the recognition of those lesions of the body and the effects on it, which are the causes of the DIC of the symptom, namely: infectious and septic processes, shock conditions, acute hemolysis within the vessels, and so on.
For any course of the disease requires early prevention of DIC syndrome, until the development of pronounced laboratory and clinical manifestations.
In case of precise determination of the causative factors of the disease, including hemorrhage, acute respiratory failure, acute kidney failure, shock phenomena, clotting of blood, they are urgently stopped.
Treatment of pathology
Therapy of dvs syndrome involves the use of treatment that will reduce blood coagulability, that is, it will be necessary to reduce the number of activators of clotting and remove pathological products from the blood.
Simultaneously, the whole complex of required for DIC syndrome treatment. Firstly, it is the therapy of the primary pathology, which provoked the development of DIC of the symptom. An integral part of the treatment of the syndrome is the impact on various components of its symptoms - confrontation with shock, elimination of septic infection and the focus of its development, normalization of blood microcirculation, prevention of influences that can support development or aggravate the course of DIC syndrome.
In case of bleeding, the main actions are to replenish the volume of circulating blood.
With the development of acute form of ICE syndrome, the mass of erythrocytes in plasma is used as an infusion-transfusion treatment. In addition, albumins, crystalloids, are introduced into the bloodstream. It is important to remember that the main problem of the healing process lies in the way of normalizing the coagulation characteristics of the blood. To do this, it is necessary to stop the processes of intravascular coagulation, reduce fibrinolytic activity and replenish the coagulation potential of the blood.
Heparin is used to slow the utilization of fibrinogen. In addition, the deceleration can be carried out by means of tracerol, counter-rock and gordox. Also in this situation, fibrinolysis inhibitors are used, but they are used only with appropriate indications, because a sharp decrease in fibrinolytic activity is capable of provoking an increase in fibrin deposition inside the vessels and, as a consequence, the development of necrosis in the tissues of the liver, kidneys and other organs. The most positive result can be achieved with the introduction of these drugs in the third or fourth phase of the development of DIC syndrome.
If patients are at risk for development, then as a prophylaxis it is required to organize constant monitoring of laboratory performance indicators of vital organs:
- Diuresis control hourly.
- Clinical analyzes of blood and platelets.
- Control of lactate, creatinine and urea concentrations in the blood and others.