Anaphylactic shock: symptoms and signs of disease

An anaphylactic shock is the most severe, life-threatening condition that is caused by the contact of the human body with some foreign substances called allergens or antigens.

Some medicines( vitamins, antibiotics, protein preparations), food products( nuts, seafood, fish), contact with latex, poisons of stinging insects can lead to its occurrence. In the literature, anaphylactic shock from a bee sting is well and repeatedly described.

This type of fright is inherently an allergic reaction of a direct type, in which the allergen interacts with antigens fixed on the membranes of mast cells and basophils. As a result, cell membranes are destroyed, and a number of mediators of allergy( histamine, bradykinin, serotonin) enter the bloodstream. These substances lead to a sharp expansion of peripheral small vessels( mostly arterioles).Blood begins to be deposited on the periphery, blood pressure decreases.

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock

In most patients, the first symptoms of this formidable disease are feelings of heat, chest pain or headache, flushing of the skin, fear of death.

Signs of anaphylactic shock develop almost immediately after contact of the patient with the allergen( from several seconds to several minutes).

Very quickly reduced blood pressure, increasing tachycardia. There is a depression of consciousness, involuntary urination, convulsions.

Symptoms for various variants of the disease

Anaphylactic shock can occur with primary lesion of various organs:

• Cerebral variant - manifests itself with severe headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, seizures, involuntary urination;
• Asthmatic variant - with it in the clinical picture, the asphyxiation resulting from bronchial spasm comes to the fore;
• Cardiogenic variant - manifested by a clinical picture of myocardial infarction or acute myocarditis;
• Cutaneous form - characterized by flushing of the skin, severe itching, the appearance of urticaria and / or Quincke edema.

Consequences of the disease

Any kind of pain, whether it be pain shock, cardiogenic, anaphylactic, infectious-toxic shock or any other can lead to the most unfortunate consequences. After all, a frightened condition affects all the organs and tissues of the human body.

After an anaphylactic shock, the patient can develop such diseases as glomerulonephritis, allergic myocarditis, vestibulopathy, diffuse lesions of the nervous system, neuritis.

First aid for

At the first suspicion that a patient develops a disease, immediately call an ambulance team. Prior to the arrival of specialists should, if possible, stop further receipt of the allergen in the patient's body( remove the insect sting, stop contact with latex, etc.).

The patient should be laid and turned his head on his side( prophylaxis of aspiration of vomit and tongue twisting).Release the patient from the restraining garments( loosen the strap, unbutton the shirt collar).Provide fresh air to it.

Stacking with anaphylactic shock

Any kind of fright is an urgent condition requiring immediate medical attention. Whether anaphylactic or, for example, cardiogenic shock - first aid should be provided immediately.

In medical institutions, ambulances have special piling to help patients in this condition.

The styling intended to assist with anaphylactic shock includes syringes, systems, blood substitute solutions, venous tourniquet, adhesive plaster, scissors. In addition, it must include the following ampoule medicines:

• Antihistamines;
• Glucocortcoids;
• Tranquilizers;
• Adrenaline;
• Atropine;
• Eufillin;
• Cardiac glycosides;
• Diuretics.