Chemotherapy drugs

This group consists of the following subgroups: antibiotics, sulfonamides, nitrofuran derivatives, etc. The greatest value in recent years has biological and synthetic antibiotics.

Biological preparations( antibiotics).Each antibiotic is specific for a certain group of microbes. Currently, there are a number of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Antibiotics inhibit the development and reproduction of microbial cells, i.e.have a bacteriostagic effect and thereby create the conditions for an effective control of the organism against the microflora.

When using antibiotics, several errors should be avoided.

1. Use antibiotics without proper indications.

2. To prescribe excessively small or unreasonably high doses of the drug, to conduct too short or, conversely, long-term courses of treatment.

3. Assign antibiotics to the same group.

4. Assign antibiotics without determining the sensitivity of microflora to them.

5. Do not take into account the side effect of the drug.

Antibiotics can also have a side effect on the body. It has been established that prolonged administration of streptomycin causes a decrease in hearing, terramycin has general toxic properties, etc. In some patients, the use of antibiotics causes skin itching, the appearance of rash, edema. With prolonged use in large doses, it is possible to change the microflora of the body, i.e., dysbacteriosis.

B( currently the division of antibiotics into the following groups is accepted:

• penicillins( benzylpenicillin sodium salt, bicillin-1, bicillin-3, bicillin-5, phenoxymethylenicillin, methicillin sodium salt, oxacillin, ampicillin) is the most common group of antibiotics.staphylococcal, streptococcal, meningococcal infection, for example, with erysipelas, with wound infection, etc. •

• streptomycin group - streptomycin sulfate, streptomycin chloralcium complex.and diseases caused by gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, has a suppressive effect on the tubercle bacillus,

• tetracycline group - tetracycline, doxycycline, metacycline hydrochloride - act on cocci, diphtheria bacillus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc.,

• Levomycetin group - levomycetin- broad-spectrum antibiotic, acts on both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chlamydia, mycoplasma;

• macrolide group - erythromycin oletetrin, etc.- effective in diseases caused by gram-positive cocci( streptococci, staphylococcus, pneumococci, etc.);

• Aminoglycosides - neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin. Drugs of a wide spectrum of action. Applied with sepsis, lung abscess, pneumonia, etc.;

• cephalosporins - cefazolin, kefzol, chainin, klaforan - have a wide spectrum of action. Effective in extremely severe processes - peritonitis, sepsis, etc.;

• antifungal drugs - nystatin, levorin, amphotericin B - are used to treat fungal diseases, and are prescribed together with other antibiotics to prevent dysbacteriosis. Reasonable combination of antibiotics with vitamins and nystatin eliminates the emergence of resistant forms of microorganisms and increases the therapeutic effect.

Sulfanilamides are a large group of compounds with a pronounced antimicrobial effect. They disrupt metabolic processes in the bacterial cell and cause a bacteriostatic effect. It should be remembered that some drugs, such as novocaine, have an antisulfanilamide effect, so their combined use is unacceptable. In surgery, streptocid, norsulfazole, sulfadimethoxin are most often used.

Nitrofuran derivatives:

• furacilin - has a high bactericidal property, acts on staphylococci, anaerobic microbes, E. coli. Apply in solutions 1: 5000 locally for washing wounds, pleural cavities, joints, peritoneum;

• furagin is used for severe forms of infections caused by staphylococci, E. coli. In addition to these drugs use furadonin, furazolidone.