Additional Kidney: Causes and Signs of Education
Such an anomaly, as additional, so far, is rare. Usually, when it is formed, it has a separate blood supply and a ureter that connects to the ureter of the main kidney or connects directly to the bladder by an independent mouth.
Sometimes the ureter of the extra kidney is ectopic, which causes a constant flow of urine. As a rule, it is located somewhat lower than normal and is located at the level of the lower vertebrae of the lumbar region or in the ileum, rarely in the pelvic region. Its dimensions are different in each case, but basically this kidney is much smaller than the normal organ.
Currently, the cases of additional kidney diagnosis have become more frequent, as diagnostic activities have improved. Sometimes this pathology is established accidentally in the course of routine clinical examination or when contacting a doctor with other problems of the urinary system.
Signs of formation of pathology
With the formation of an additional kidney, as a rule, the upper and lower parts are separated, separated from each other by a furrow. It is characterized by the following features:
- Equipping its own capsule.
- Own blood supply system.
- Presence of your own ureter.
It turns out that the third additional kidney is often located just below one of the healthy ones. If it is near the main, then its blood supply is due to the artery. If the extra is too low in the pelvic area or in the ileum, the blood supply is due to the iliac artery.
This is important! The extra kidney is small in size, occasionally reaches the normal size. It can be formless, sometimes has the shape of a pear. Usually the additional organ retains a partial structure in the likeness of a healthy one, can function properly, or it may simply be non-working.
Ureter of an extra kidney, as a rule, combines with a normal bladder or ureter healthy. Complication is considered if the ureter enters the vagina or rectum.
Often additional anomalies are formed in the additional kidney, such as doubling of ureters and pelvis, often such pathologies are combined with pathologies of normal kidneys.
Clinical signs of development of pathology
Most often no clinical signs are noted. The person does not complain about the deterioration of health and pain.
Signs of pathology develop only if an additional kidney is affected. It can be a violation of the urine leakage from it due to an incorrect structure, causing the formation of concrements or the development of hydronephrosis.
Incorrect localization of the extra kidney and hypoplasia of the parenchyma provoke the development of pyelonephritis, which proceeds very hard and is difficult to treat. The exit of the ureter not in the urinary system is supplemented by urinary incontinence.
Implementation of diagnostic measures
Diagnosis of an additional kidney is performed using cystoscopy, excretory urography and ultrasound.
In itself, the presence of an extra kidney is not evident, so it does not require the organization of treatment. But, as a rule, an organ with an abnormal structure often suffers from serious diseases. Basically, it is urolithiasis, pyelonephritis or hydronephrosis.
Sometimes the ectopic ureter develops when it empties into another organ instead of the bladder - into the cervix. Intestine, canal of urination, vagina. Thus, there is a constant flow of urine from the ureter.
Purpose of treatment and its implementation
The treatment process is correlated with the state of the additional kidney, its functioning and structure. Most often, doctors try to keep it, that is, to avoid nephrectomy. It is very important to monitor the condition of the body. When a lesion is carried out the usual treatment, which in some situations remains ineffective.
This is important! Provided that the pathologies of the extra kidney threaten the patient's health and worsen the work of the main kidney, the doctor prescribes the organization of the surgery.
The main indications for nephrectomy are nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, and the like. The choice of treatment for a child depends on the degree of loss of function of the additional kidney and on the clinical manifestation of the lesion. If painful sensations, an increase in blood pressure indicators are absent, the kidney function is preserved, then in 40% of cases an organ-preserving operation or conservative treatment is realized provided that the pathological kidney is constantly monitored.
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