How the kidney sarcoma develops and its timely diagnosis
Kidney sarcoma is a tumor that occurs very rarely and mostly affects the body of children or adolescents. Basically, the sarcoma affects both kidneys and very easily feels, so the diagnosis does not cause any difficulties for specialists.
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Sarcoma can have a soft or dense consistency - liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma. The histological structure of the tumor is cells of circular shape, spindle-shaped cells and polymorphic cells.
A dangerous form of renal sarcoma is the renal cell sarcoma of the kidneys, because it is capable of damaging and spreading also to the liver. Lungs, brain and other soft tissues in the human body.
Signs of the development of the sarcoma
Clinical manifestations of the sarcoma, which is a non-epithelial malignant tumor, include the following symptoms:
- The appearance of large amounts of blood in the urine.
- Pain sensations in the kidney area.
- Diagnosis of the presence of tumorous neoplasm in palpation.
Hematuria develops in 90% of cases, and the blood in the urine appears without pronounced reasons. This process is not complemented by pain or other functional abnormalities. Hematuria, not accompanied by any symptoms or pain, is usually abundant, but does not last long - only 1 to 2 days. Hematuria disappears unexpectedly, just as it began.
Sometimes bleeding becomes so profuse that large blood clots form in blood-saturated urine, which can get stuck in the ureters and provoke attacks of renal colic. When clusters in the bladder, blood clots cause a delay in the retention of urine. Sometimes blood clots form an internal impression of the ureter and therefore acquire a vermiform shape.
Bleeding in sarcoma develops due to the fact that the tumor sprouts into the pelvis and thereby disrupts the integrity of the vessels, and also because of strong compression of the renal veins.
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The sarcoma of the kidney grows very quickly and therefore can reach a large size in a short time and does not cause any symptoms. But the doctor can easily find an actively growing tumor with palpation.
Pain sensations in the kidney area with sarcoma are manifested in more than half of the lesions. The manifestation of dull pain is explained by the compression of the sarcoma of nearby nerve nodes and organs. In addition, such pains occur due to a strong stretching of the renal capsule by the sarcoma, because there is a large number of nerve endings in the capsule. If the neoplasm begins to expand and affect the nerve pathways, it can spread over them to other organs and systems of the human body.
Acute pain manifests itself in situations when clogging of the ureter begins with blood clots or develops a large hemorrhage in the kidney, which provokes a sharp increase in its size. A tumor in the kidney that strongly squeezes or sprouts into the spermatic vein, makes itself felt by expanding the veins in the spermatic cord or forming varicocele. This symptom can also be explained by pressing the lymph nodes on the spermatic vein. The lesions were metastasized from a tumor in the kidneys.
Varicocele can develop with the development of renal sarcoma on the right and left side, and in the horizontal position varicocele does not disappear. In this regard, any even a slight expansion of veins in the spermatic cord, which is formed in the male body on average or old age, causes the doctor suspicion of the presence of a tumor in the kidney and becomes the reason for the organization of appropriate diagnosis. The same applies to unilateral expansion of the subcutaneous veins in the abdomen and the formation of an expansion of the venous network in the navel zone.
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Basically, the general health of patients with sarcoma is not compromised. But as the disease develops, the following symptoms begin to increase and become more active: general weakness of the body, sharp weight loss. Coming to the manifestation of exhaustion, lack of appetite and anemia. Most often the most pronounced sign of the defeat of the malignant neoplasm becomes an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
To diagnose the development of sarcoma in the kidney, X-ray examination, ultrasound examination, scintigraphy, MRI and computed tomography are used. To confirm the expected pathology, a puncture biopsy is performed, as well as a microscopic examination of the tissue sample taken.
Efficacy of sarcoma treatment in the kidney
The selection of the method of sarcoma treatment will depend on the stage of oncology, the size of the neoplasm, the presence of metastases and some other inalienable factors. Most specialists use surgical intervention - the operation is shown even with the development of metastases, because it helps prolong the life of the victim.
In the early stages of development, the treatment of kidney sarcoma, the symptomatology of which manifests itself insignificantly, is carried out thanks to the organ-preserving operation. But even in such a situation, the elimination of tumor blood clots, the removal of regional lymph nodes, is an essential condition of treatment, which helps prevent metastasis.
At a late stage of pathology development, radical nephrectomy is performed, that is, removal of the kidney even when the tumor grows into nearby organs. The organization of laparoscopic nephrectomy makes it possible to perform more accurate organ clipping, thereby reducing the duration of the recovery period after surgery. For carrying out laparoscopy, the clinic should have special equipment, and the personnel of the medical institution should be specially prepared for such manipulations.
The prognosis of the kidney sarcoma correlates with the stage of tumor development and the degree of differentiation of cancer cells. If the metastases affect the veins of the kidney, the predictions remain poor. Also, a poor prognosis remains with metastases to distant lymph nodes.
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