Why develops kidney agenesis, signs and treatment of this anomaly

Aging is a congenital pathology, in which the child completely lacks one or two kidneys. The absence of two organs is incompatible with life. Aging of one kidney is diagnosed relatively often - approximately in 4-8% of children with kidney anomalies. Aging is often combined with other pathologies of the genitourinary system, the disease is twice as likely to affect the male body.

Reliable information that agenesis can be considered a hereditary pathology that transmits from parents to their child is missing. Often the reasons for the formation of this anomaly are multiple deviations in the development of the fetus due to the influence on it of exogenous factors on the embryonic developmental steel.

Simultaneously with the absence of one of the kidneys, other abnormalities in the structure of the genitourinary system can develop in a person, for example, the absence of a ureter or seminal ducts from the same side. In women, along with agenesis, abnormalities in the structure of the genital organs, characterized by underdevelopment, are revealed. The urinary and reproductive system in the body of a woman is formed from different primordia, so the simultaneous formation of such defects is considered to be irregular.

Agenesis is considered to be an innate and not hereditary anomaly, it becomes a consequence of the effect on the organism of a pregnant woman of exogenous factors during the first six weeks of fetal development. Also, risk factors include diabetes in a future mother.

Species of anomaly

The most dangerous manifestation of this pathology is bilateral renal agenesis. This anomaly refers to the third clinical type. Children with this defect are most often born dead. But in medical practice there were cases when the child was born full and alive. But died in a few days due to severe insufficiency. In medicine, progress does not stand still, so now there is a special technical opportunity for a donor kidney transplant to a newborn and the organization of hemodialysis. It becomes important to put the right diagnosis on time and to distinguish pathology from other possible lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Unilateral agenesis of the kidney with the presence of the ureter belongs to the first clinical type and is considered a congenital malformation. With one-sided agenesis, the entire load has only one kidney, which almost always increases in size. In an enlarged organ, the number of structural elements makes it possible to perform work just for two kidneys. But when getting a kidney injury, the risk of severe consequences and complications increases.

Unilateral agenesis of the kidney with the presence of the ureter - this anomaly is formed already at the early stages of embryonic development of the organs of the urinary system. The manifestation of this pathology is the absence of the ureteral orifice. Due to some specific features of the structure of the body of males, agenesis of one kidney is combined with the absence of a duct responsible for excretion of seminal fluid, as well as changes in seminal vesicles. Such processes provoke the development of pain in the groin, sacrum, pain during ejaculation, in addition to violations of sexual functions.

Symptomatology of anomaly

Agenesis of the right kidney is manifested in much the same way as developing in the left, but some experts say that the absence of the right kidney is diagnosed much more often than in the agenesis of the left, mostly in female representatives. Such processes can be correlated with the specifics of the anatomical structure, since the size of the right orgasm is much smaller than the size of the left one, it is also somewhat shorter and more mobile, unlike the left kidney, and in its normal state is lower - this makes it more vulnerable.

Agenesis of the right kidney may begin to manifest itself in the first days after the baby's birth, provided that the left kidney is unable to perform the compensatory function. The symptomatology of a right-sided anomaly is manifested by copious urination, frequent regurgitation, sometimes resulting in vomiting, severe dehydration, increased blood pressure, signs of general body poisoning, and insufficiency.

Agenesis of the left kidney - this anomaly occurs almost as well as a right-sided anomaly, but in the normal state the left kidney considerably protrudes forward unlike the right kidney. The absence of a left kidney in a newborn is considered a more serious case, because her work will need to perform a right kidney, which in turn is more mobile and works worse by nature.

In addition, there is evidence in medicine that the absence of a newborn kidney is often supplemented by the absence of a ureter. This sign is more relevant to male patients. This anomaly is combined with the absence of a semen vascular duct, inadequate development of the bladder or anomalies in the structure of the seminal vesicles.

Visual symptoms of the absence of the left kidney coincide with the symptomatic absence of the right kidney. Similar signs are manifested due to intrauterine malformations - fetal compression and lack of hydration - an extension of the back of the nose, too wide-set eyes, a puffy face with a defective chin, low set ears.

Treatment of anomaly

Development of renal agenesis in a newborn is a serious threat to his life. Currently, there are only two methods for organizing the treatment of the disease - this is antibacterial treatment or surgery, that is, a kidney transplant. In general, doctors prescribe the operation, even despite the high risks to the life and health of the child, because this method is considered the most effective.

This is important! The method of treatment should be correlated with the severity of kidney dysfunction. After the successful completion of treatment, the child has every chance of further full-fledged life.

In bilateral renal agenesis, the prognosis remains lethal, and causes of death are usually lung failure due to a decrease in their size, lack of urinary system and other malformations. In this regard, when diagnosing a fetal bilateral renal agenesis, doctors recommend aborting the pregnancy regardless of the term. Even with the impossibility of accurately detecting the presence of bilateral agenesis or pronounced hypoplasia or dysplasia, pregnancy should be discontinued, because the above-mentioned anomalies contribute to low blood pressure, and low salinity leads in turn to kidney failure and its severe consequences.

The decision is made only by the attending physician, who thoroughly acquainted with the clinical picture and possible consequences.

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