What distinguishes a simple kidney cyst. Methods of treatment

A simple kidney cyst is a thin-walled, benign neoplasm, a bulky neoplasm that has a fibrous capsule and is lined with epithelial tissue. A cyst is formed from the renal parenchyma and contains a serous fluid.

The danger is that the cyst in accordance with its size and location can provoke pain, disrupt urinary diversion - that is, provoke hydronephrosis or otherwise dilate the renal cavity system, cause inflammation and exacerbation of inflammation - pyelonephritis. Sometimes there is a risk of hemorrhage in the cyst or the attachment of an infectious lesion. Approximately in 10% of cases, the presence of a cyst causes kidney failure - a dangerous disease that negatively affects the functioning of the kidneys and the body as a whole.

Why the cyst is formed in the kidney

There are three main causes that cause the formation of a cyst in the kidney:

1. Retention-inflammatory - is formed due to obstruction of the urinary tract and ducts of the tubules, inflammatory process, including during fetal development.
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2. Proliferative-neoplastic - is formed due to excess proliferation in the epithelium of the kidney and is capable of malignant transformation.
3. Embryonic - is formed due to disruption of the connection between the secretory and filtration part of the excretory tissue and methanephrones.

This division of the cysts in the kidneys is considered the most successful in medical science. It should also be noted that in each of the groups there are common processes, such as retention and others. Great importance is given to the second theory, when there is a risk of malignant transformation of the cystic tumor.

Manifestations and the main signs of a cystic neoplasm

It is believed that on the basis of clinical symptoms, it is almost never possible to identify and diagnose a simple cyst of the left kidney or right kidney, as the tumor does not provoke specific manifestations and is mainly detected in a random examination.

This is important! Specialists believe that a simple cyst in the kidney causes a violation of the passage in the upper part of the urinary canals, is detected when a completely different disease is diagnosed, and 70% of the lesions occur without any symptoms.

At times, patients complain of pain in the lumbar region or in the hypochondrium from the side of the lesion, occasionally the tumor can be probed and causes a strong increase in blood pressure.

Diagnostic measures for the detection of simple renal cysts

A simple cyst can occasionally grow to large sizes, which make it possible to diagnose by means of palpation of the organ or during an internal examination.

The main methods of diagnosis are the following:

• Ultrasound is the basic method, the simplest, but not the most informative.
• Survey urography or intravenous urography - help to identify the presence of a violation of urinary outflow from the body.
• Computer tomography for kidneys is the most accurate way, but also the most expensive. It is considered an optimal choice if it is necessary to address the risk of developing oncology, assess blood flow in the cystic tumor, determine the size, contour, location and spread of the tumor.

Nuances of treatment organization for simple cysts

Usually, currently the main principles of therapy for a simple kidney cyst are the taking of medications or surgical intervention.

Special medicines used to treat kidney cysts have not been developed at the moment. Drug therapy is realized when complications appear, for example, with increased pressure, inflammation and the development of pain syndrome.

This is important! The choice of the surgical technique will be correlated with the size and localization of the lesion. The main indications for surgery are a violation of urinary diversion, an infectious lesion, severe pain.

The main methods of the surgical method are:

• Percutaneous puncture of the renal cyst with subsequent aspiration of the internal fluid and the introduction of a gluing agent under ultrasound control is the main treatment for large cystic tumors that are located on the periphery of the organ and do not affect the flow of urine.
• Open resection or removal of the renal cyst - is realized only when the cyst near the vessels is localized, which feeds the kidney, when neoplasms strongly interfere with the outflow of urine and at the same time it requires the organization of maximum control over nearby structures.
• Laparoscopy - the introduction of special instruments through small incisions in the abdominal wall is realized under the same conditions as open resection. The advantage of the method is a short postoperative recovery.

If the cystic lesion is affected by an additional infection, combined drug therapy is required simultaneously with the implementation of surgical treatment.

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