How does cancer of the kidney of the kidney, its diagnosis and treatment

Cancer of the renal pelvis develops quite infrequently and accounts for approximately 3% of all urinary systems oncology.80% of neoplasms are diagnosed in people over forty years of age.

Urothelium is highly sensitive to the effects of chemical carcinogens entering urine on it. For tumor development, in addition to carcinogens, initiators of oncogenesis should also be present. Such substances provoke hyperplasia in urothelium, thereby increasing the sensitivity to the effects of chemical carcinogens.

Many doctors believe that smoking is also a factor that provokes the development of pelvic tumors. The risk of tumor formation depends on the number of cigarettes smoked per day, as well as on the duration of smoking. It is believed that in the urine of a person who smokes there is an increase in the concentration of intermediate metabolic products, which are potent carcinogens.

Patients with high blood pressure also increase the risk of tumor formation. At the same time, the risk of developing neoplasms is doubled during treatment with diuretics.

Symptomatology of

The most frequent sign of a tumor in the renal pelvis is the appearance of blood in the urine - hematuria. It is diagnosed in 75-90% of cases.

Another common symptom of the disease is pain in the lumbar region, which appear in 20 - 50% of cases of the disease due to obstruction of the pelvis by tumor growth.

In rare cases, the tumor manifests itself through dysuria and other common symptoms, such as weight loss, fever and loss of appetite.

In later stages of development of pathology, the tumor can be palpated. In 13% of cases, any clinical manifestations of pathology are completely absent.

Classification of the disease

Primary and secondary tumors are classified. Primary tumors of the pelvis are neoplasms originating from the upper part of the urinary canals. Secondary tumors are metastases in the renal pelvis from cancer lesions in other organs. Secondary tumors are very rare.

Diagnosis of the disease

In the complex of diagnostic examinations for the purpose of revealing the development of tumors of the renal pelvis, a physical examination, cytological examination of urine, excretory urography, cystoscopy, computed tomography and others are carried out.

When carrying out a physical examination of patients, a volumetric tumor can be probed in the abdomen.

Cytological analysis of urine tests makes it possible to diagnose the presence of tumor cells.

Excretory urography is an important and, as a rule, the first method of examining patients with suspected development of a renal pelvic tumor. If there is a tumor, the deviations from the norm are clearly visible on the pictures - usually the filling defect becomes this.

Cytoscopy provides the ability to establish the condition of the mucous surface and recognize the secretion of blood.

Computed tomography is actively used in the detection of a tumor located in the renal pelvis, and helps to establish the process of spreading the tumor in tissues located near the kidney, damage to the lymph nodes and distant metastases.

An ultrasound examination makes it possible to diagnose the infiltration process. Ultrasound is also of great importance in diagnosing the presence of tumors in the renal pelvis.

Therapeutic process

The main method of treatment of a tumor neoplasm located in the upper part of the urinary canals is a surgical intervention. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used, but tumor cells often show resistance to such effects, and therefore, therapeutic manipulations are ineffective.

The choice of tactics for the treatment of tumor tumor in the renal pelvis is fully correlated with the stage of development of pathology, the degree of differentiation of cancer cell cells, the location of the neoplasm, the extent of the lesion, the state of the second kidney, and the presence of any contraindications to surgery.

Traditional and conventional methods of treating patients with a localized cancer process in the renal pelvis or ureter are nephroureterectomy supplemented with excision of the bladder. In some situations, segmental excision of the ureter is carried out. Only a doctor can correctly determine the severity of the disease process and choose the appropriate method of treatment.