Renal Urota: Concept, Causes and Diagnosis

The term urostaz is derived from the Greek language, it is translated as a stop of urine. Urostage is a pathological condition in which there is a difficulty in the outflow of urine from the kidneys, until its complete cessation. The cause of the disorder can be at various levels of the urinary system - from the renal tubules inside the organ to the urethra.

Causes and mechanism of development of the disease

All the grounds leading to urostasis are divided into mechanical and dynamic. The mechanical factors of the outflow of urine are obstacles to outflow in any part of the urinary system, they include:

abnormalities in the development of the urinary system - as a result of genetic disorders, even during fetal development, there is overgrowth( atresia) of the renal tubules or ureters;
urolithiasis - in this case, the formed stone blocks the lumen of the urinary tract, more often at the level of the pelvis or ureters, which leads to disruption or termination of outflow of fluid from the kidney;

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obstruction( obstruction) of the urinary tract by a tumor - a malignant or benign neoplasm of the ureters that grows in the lumen of the organ, leads to a disturbance in the outflow of urine;
compression of the kidneys or ureters by other organs of the small pelvis - urostasis during pregnancy is a physiological variant of compression of the kidneys and ureters by a growing uterus, and this can also occur in case of growth of tumors of the pelvic organs.

Dynamic causes of impairment of urinary efflux from the kidneys are associated with its incorrect movement in the urinary tract:

weakening of the peristalsis of the ureters - a decrease in the movement of their walls, aimed at pushing urine, causes its delayed outflow;
urine reflux from the lower parts of the urinary tract - as a result of abnormal peristalsis of the ureters or the bladder, it does not push down, but is thrown back, this occurs most often in disorders of the autonomic nervous system.

This is important! The mechanical causes of impaired urine outflow from the kidneys lead to more pronounced and rapid urostasis than dynamic factors.

Types of kidney urn

Depending on the duration of development, there are 2 types of renal urnase:

acute - develops rapidly, often ends with the complete cessation of urinary outflow due to mechanical influences;
chronic - characterized by a prolonged course( up to several years) as a result of dynamic causes.

Acute urostasis is more dangerous, because it is possible to completely stop the outflow of fluids, which requires immediate medical measures.

Symptoms of

The main manifestation of urostasis is a decrease in the amount of urine( oliguria) released, up to the termination( anuria).Depending on the location and the base of the complicated outflow of urine, the following symptoms may appear:

blunt pain in the lumbar region - develop due to dilatation of the renal tubules with urine;
pain when urinating - occurs in the case of violation of outflow from the bladder or urethra, while the nature of pain in the form of burning;
renal colic - severe, severe pain in the lumbar region associated with obstruction of the ureter or pelvis with stone in urolithiasis;
the appearance of edema on the face and lower limbs is a manifestation of the development of chronic renal failure against the background of urostasis due to the reduction of excretion of fluid from the body.

This is important! Violation of the outflow of urine and its stagnation in the kidneys creates favorable conditions for the development of bacterial microflora, so urothosis is often complicated by pyelonephritis( inflammatory disease).

Diagnosis of

In addition to clinical manifestations, laboratory and instrumental examination methods are used to determine the cause, the type of renal urnase, the development of renal failure:

clinical analysis of urine - shows the presence of inflammation in the organs of the urinary system, with urolithiasis in the sediment contains a large number of undissolved salts of minerals that form stones;
clinical blood test - helps to identify inflammation( increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count);
ultrasound( ultrasound) is an indispensable method of instrumental diagnostics that helps to locate the occlusion, the size, shape and location of the kidneys, the presence of stones in the urinary tract;
computed tomography( CT) - using X-rays, a number of images are layer by layer, on which tumors and stones are well visualized;
excretory urography - a contrast substance is injected into the blood that is excreted by the kidneys together with the urine, the urine outflow is judged by the time of its excretion, this method allows to diagnose the dynamic causes of kidney urostasis;
cystoscopy - a flexible fiber-optic tube is inserted into the bladder, through which the bladder is examined.

Complications and treatment of urostasis

Violation of urine outflow triggers the gradual destruction and death of kidney cells, which eventually leads to kidney failure. In addition, a number of complications may develop:

secondary bacterial infection - pyelonephritis, due to stagnation of urine in the kidneys, which creates favorable conditions for the multiplication of bacteria;
development of arterial hypertension-the kidney is the main organ that regulates systemic arterial pressure in the body, so urostasis leads to increased production of vasoconstrictors( substances narrowing the arteries) in their cells;
wrinkling - increased urine pressure in the kidneys leads to destruction and death of cells, which are then replaced by a fibrous( connective) tissue, which causes the organ to decrease and cease to perform its function.

The main objective of treatment for renal urostasis is to eliminate factors in the development of this condition. Basically, surgical treatment, when the operative way removes the mechanical cause. In the case of dynamic bases, disturbances in urinary outflow, medical treatment, which is aimed at improving the work of the autonomic nervous system that regulates peristalsis of the urinary tract.

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