Hydrocalysis of the kidneys: how and why this pathology develops

Kidney hydrocalysis is a disease characterized by impairment of urinary retention in the bladder from the kidney, active expansion and extension of the calyx bud. A complication such as atrophy of the papilla of the kidney can develop simultaneously.

Gidrokalikoz may be a sign of tuberculosis or a papillary tumor neoplasm of the cervix of the renal calyx.

The disease can be one-sided, and also often develop hydrocalysis of both kidneys.

What causes the development of the disease

When a person develops hydrocalysis, the causes of this condition, which cause a diffuse expansion of the kidney loops, can be the pathological processes developing in the urinary system, or in diseases related to the damage of nearby systems and organs.

This is important! With any development, a person complains about the incorrect passage of urine causing urine accumulation in the calyx and pelvis, so strong pressure on the healthy renal parenchyma begins. In this regard, the blood flow is disrupted, and with additional infection, an active inflammation process develops.

The exact cause of the development of the disease is established only when performing complex diagnostics. The main causes of the disease include:

1. Renal factors, namely nephrolithiasis, tuberculosis, tumors of various types, nephroptosis, and the like.
2. Extra-factorial factors are tumors that appear in the space behind the peritoneum, congenital abnormalities of the vessels, damage to the lymph vessels in the space behind the peritoneum.

In accordance with observations of specialists, hydrocalysis of the right kidney occurs much more often.

Symptoms and pathologies of the disease

Symptoms of the pathology often resemble signs of other diseases, for example, biliary colic, digestive diseases, acute appendicitis, and the like.

The clinical picture is the manifestation of the following symptoms:

• Pain in the lumbar region from the affected side.
• Chills.
• Painful sensations when feeling the area of ​​the waist.
• Body temperature rise.
• Nausea with vomiting.
• Urine cloudiness.
• Small impurities of blood in the urine.
• Frequent urge to urinate and discharge of urine in small portions.

Congenital hydrocalysis of the left kidney or right kidney is often asymptomatic. Sometimes this state becomes an individual feature of the body, and this is one of the variants of the norm.

In any situation, in the development of any of the listed manifestations, it will be necessary to urgently visit a specialist who will develop suitable diagnostic methods and put an accurate diagnosis. It is important not to forget that the early start of treatment helps to achieve the most positive result. This process is correlated with the reversibility of the initial pathological changes affecting the kidneys. If the disease is started then the dying of the kidneys begins, the dying off of the papilla structure is irreversible. But even in this situation, treatment facilitates the course of the disease and stops its active development.

Diagnostic procedures for diagnosing

As with other renal lesions, a clinical analysis of urine, a variety of urine samples, which help to establish the ability of the organ work, are implemented primarily for diagnosis. Based on the above laboratory diagnostic methods, it is not possible to put a correct diagnosis, because the changes in urine are not specific.

Instrumental diagnostic methods include:

1. excretory urography, which is realized by injecting a contrast agent into a vein and obtaining images. These images help to understand the structure and rate of work of the organs of the urinary system.
2. Kidney angiography is characterized by the fact that the contrast drug is injected directly into the artery of the kidney. This method gives the most objective information.
3. Kidney hydrocalysis can be detected using retrograde pyelography. To do this, the contrast preparation is injected directly into the kidney using a catheter.
4. Multislice tomography.

This is important! The results of the diagnosis become the main thing when making an accurate diagnosis. It is important to establish the cause of the injury correctly. To this end, the expert carefully examines the patient's complaints and the history of the development and progression of the disease, the dynamics of changes in symptoms, the presence of acute or chronic pathologies.

How to treat correctly with kidney damage

Strictly defined tactics for treating the disease are absent. Provided that as a result of diagnosis is diagnosed with kidney hydrocalysis, the treatment of kidney hydrocalysis can vary from surgical intervention to the implementation of periodic follow-up by a doctor.

The choice of the method of examination depends on the degree of severity of the enlargement of the calyx and pelvis, and also on the cause that triggered the development of the disease.

Thus, in most cases, the causes of the disease become anatomically appearing obstacles, causing a violation of urinary diversion. Preference is given to surgical intervention. The volume of the operation is fully correlated with the specific mechanism of disease progression. During the operation, ureteral strictures, tumor neoplasms, kidney stones located in the pelvis and in the ureters are removed.

If hydrocalysis has been caused by various inflammatory processes in the kidneys or if the infection affects the organ as a complication, then antibacterial therapy and the elimination of inflammation are organized.

Treatment of this pathology often remains operative. Modern methods mainly consist of carrying out endoscopic operations, which, in comparison with classical methods, are minimally invasive and almost do not harm the patient's health condition. By the time such operations are not long and take no more than one hour. Through small punctures in the peritoneal wall, the doctor removes obstruction that prevents the urine from leaving normally from the kidney and prevents the development of possible complications.

If hydrocalysis is asymptomatic and in the absence of signs of other lesions of the urinary system, the person is shown constant observation at the doctor, at least one or two times a year. At the same time, ultrasound is performed once every three months, and if the kidney is affected, the child needs to consult a pediatrician.

Characteristics of complications of pathology

The development of hydrocalysis is dangerously at risk of manifestation of certain complications. Because of the manifestation of stagnation of urine, the disturbance of blood flow can additionally manifest an infectious and inflammatory process. In addition, prolonged stay in the pelvis urine can provoke an increase in stone formation and development of urolithiasis.

This is important! Also, the consequence of the disease may be hydronephrosis transformation of the kidneys of varying degrees of severity or chronic kidney failure, which are practically not amenable to treatment.

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