Signs, treatment and complications of glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is a bilateral renal pathology and is based on the defeat of renal glomeruli. The composition of the renal glomeruli includes a large number of capillary loops that form a filter. Through the filter, the liquid enters from the blood into the renal tubules. If the renal glomeruli are damaged, the filtration is disturbed. At the same time, through the walls with broken integrity, proteins, blood cells and other components that the human body needs to enter the urine.

In addition, the kidneys lose the ability to remove toxins and water from the body, so when the process starts, complications of glomerulonephritis are formed.

Glomerulonephritis implies a whole group of various pathologies. The primary form is classified, when the process of the disease is limited to kidney damage, as well as the secondary form, where kidney damage occurs due to the development of systemic pathology in the body. The acute form of the disease can last up to several weeks, subacute - up to several months and chronic - is delayed for a year or longer. Chronic glomerulonephritis is a disease that becomes the main cause provoking the development of chronic kidney failure.

Causes of pathology

The main reasons for the development of glomerulonephritis include:

1. Infectious pathologies, less often - bacterial pathologies, as well as parasitic and viral infections. The mechanism of the lesion is of an immune nature and does not correlate with the direct effects of infection agents. In this regard, the infectious form of glomerulonephritis develops several weeks after recovery.
2. Toxic factors, namely alcoholic beverages, organic solvents, mercury, drugs and certain medicines.
3. Systemic pathologies of different origin - nodular form of periarteritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, etc.
4. Hereditary kidney lesions.

Symptoms of the pathology of

Symptoms of acute form of glomerulonephritis usually manifest themselves two to three weeks after recovery from infectious pathology triggered by streptococci. Acute glomerulonephritis manifests itself as follows:

1. Urinary syndrome.
2. Hypertensive syndrome.
3. Edema syndrome.

Glomerulonephritis in men develops more often and usually affects people of young age.

In children, acute manifestations of glomerulonephritis proceed cyclically and very violently, but eventually end in recovery. With the development of glomerulonephritis in the adult body, the erased form of the disease most often develops-it is characterized by changes in urine tests, the absence of common signs of the disease, and the tendency to transform into a chronic course.

Glomerulonephritis usually begins with a rise in body temperature, chills, nausea, weakness, lack of appetite, headaches and low back pain. In this case the patient pales, and on the eyelids edema is formed.

In acute form, there is a decrease in diuresis in the first five days of the disease, then the volume of urine output increases, and its density, on the contrary, decreases.

Also an essential sign of glomerulonephritis is the presence of blood in the urine. The facial swelling is also a specific symptom that manifests itself in the morning and disappears throughout the day.

Hypertension is diagnosed in 60% of cases in patients. In 80% of cases glomerulonephritis provokes damage to the cardiovascular system. In addition, the CNS can be disturbed and the liver can grow.

Treatment of pathology

Therapy for the treatment of acute glomerulonephritis is performed in a hospital. In this case, the patient must comply with diet number 7 and strict bed rest. Antibiotics therapy is also organized, correction of immunity by hormonal and non-hormonal means is performed. Therapeutic measures include both anti-inflammatory and symptomatic therapy, which involves the elimination of puffiness and the restoration of normal indices of blood pressure.

In the future, with the goal of preventing patients, periodic spa treatment is recommended. After transferring the acute form of pathology, patients for two years are on the account of a nephrologist.

For the treatment of the chronic form of the disease during its exacerbation, a set of therapeutic measures similar to that of acute glomerulonephritis is organized. The rules for treating the illness during remission depend on the severity of the symptoms.