Complex kidney cyst - distinctive features and classification of pathology
The kidney cyst is a pathological tumor that consists of a capsule with a serous fluid inside. If the capsule has one round shape camera, then it is considered simple. The complex cyst, as a rule, is multi-chambered, has irregular shapes, uneven outlines and is characterized by specific processes within itself.
Types of complex renal cysts
The systematization of cystic neoplasms enables physicians to predict the risks of developing kidney cancer. Classification into types and categories is based on the Bosnian classification:
- Benign tumors with minimal complications - they contain additional septa and accumulations of calcium salts. They never degenerate into oncology, it still needs dynamic observation, as a rule it is ultrasound. I.
- Complicated with a lot of thin partitions inside - they can have thickenings and calcium deposits, and the size sometimes is more than 3 cm. Also the patient needsdynamic observation by a specialist.
- Complex formations with fuzzy outlines, fuzzy dense partitions and inhomogeneous deposits of calcium salts.
- Complex formations with fluid, uneven walls and partitions, fuzzy outlines - urgent surgical intervention is required.
Features and Signs of Development
The formation of a complex cyst is not accompanied by symptoms. Over time, the neoplasm increases and provokes inflammation and the manifestation of concomitant diseases. At this time, the following manifestations are typical:
- Blunt pain and discomfort in the lumbar region, which become stronger after physical exertion.
- Severity in the subcostal area.
Implementation of diagnostic activities
A complex cyst is formed as a result of exposure to the kidney and the human body of the following factors:
- Age group.
- Hypertension.
- Lesion of the lungs.
- Injuries and unsuccessful kidney operations.
- Urolithiasis.
- Infection of the urinary tract.
A complex cyst is diagnosed by the following diagnostic methods:
- Ultrasound examination. Helps the doctor to visualize the tumor, establish its structure and size.
- Computed tomography - helps differentiate the cyst from a tumor and give precise characteristics to the neoplasm.
- MRI - enables differential diagnosis.
Conducting therapeutic activities
This is important! With a small size of the cystic tumor, sclerotherapy is performed. To do this, using a special needle is introduced sclerosing fluid.
At a large size with the presence of multiple partitions and foci of calcium salt deposits, a surgical operation is required, and the specific method of its implementation depends on the variant of access to the tumor:
- Open surgery - through the incision.
- Laparoscopy - removal through a puncture.
- Retroperitoneoscopic excision.
This is important! If there is a big risk of oncology development, treatment of complex cysts is performed by a specialist oncourologist.
Hazards and possible complications of complex cysts in the kidneys
Initially, the complex cyst is benign in nature, but if the pathology accompanies the following signs, it can soon go on to oncology:
- Uneven outlines.
- The deposition in the body of calcium salts, especially on its partitions and on the walls.
- Accumulation in her tissues of a contrast agent.
- High density and heterogeneity of internal contents.
Also a complex cyst in the absence of necessary treatment or in case of its incorrect organization is capable of provoking the following pathological conditions:
- Other lesions - insufficiency, hydronephrosis, etc.
- Squeezing of nearby organs.
- Break and any injuries or bumps.
- Infections - the formation in the cystic cavity of a bacterial infection that causes poisoning of the whole organism.