Stones in the bladder: symptoms and treatment in men and women

The occurrence of stones in the bladder, kidneys, ureter is a threat to human health and life.

Urolithiasis is known since ancient times, it occurs in 2-3% of the population, and mainly at the age of 20 years. This disease affects both men and women.

The stones in the bladder can be plentiful, and the size varies from 1 mm to 10 cm in diameter. Stones in the bladder are a consequence of urolithiasis, which can be caused by functional or anatomical changes.

Removing the stone - this is not a solution yet, since abnormalities in the body can lead to relapse and the appearance of new stones. To this end, it is very important to establish the causes of the disease, to eliminate them, then the symptoms will not appear again.

What are the stones in the bladder? Adults identify stones based on uric acid( in 50% of cases).In children there are stones of calcium oxalates, uric acid, calcium phosphates.

There are soft and very hard stones at the consistency. By the surface type - smooth or rough stones( thorns).Stones can be multiple, single, very small or large. There are not only stones, but also the deposition of salts, most often calcium.

According to statistics, people living in countries with a poor standard of living suffer more from this disease, where medicine is not developed enough, poor living conditions. In Indonesia, India, Thailand, Burma, Africa, urolithiasis is observed even in young children. Poor nutrition, inability to receive competent medical care, lead to the development of the disease in children and adults.

Causes of stones in the bladder

Many doctors - urologists believe that men at the age of 50 are more likely to become ill due to incomplete emptying of the bladder. This phenomenon can provoke diseases of the urethra and the prostate gland. The process of stone formation affects the state of the body and the work of internal organs.

Causes of formation of stones in the bladder in women and men:

1. 1) Metabolic disorders, the formation of salts that turn into phosphates, urates, oxalates;
   
2. 2) Genetic predisposition;
   
3. 3) Avitaminosis and lack of ultraviolet rays;
   
4. 4) Diseases of the osseous system - osteoporosis, osteomyelitis or trauma;
   
5. 5) Flavors of taste. Sour, bitter, spicy food strengthens the acidity of urine, which is fraught with salt deposits;
   
6. 6) The climatic factor. In hot areas, sweating and concentration of salts in the urine increases. This leads to the appearance of conglomerates in the bladder;
   
7. 7) Geographical factor. In each region, water has a certain rigidity. If the concentration of calcium salts is increased, stones - urates may appear;
   
8. 8) Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, kidneys - pyelonephritis, nephroptosis, prostate adenoma, cystitis, prostatitis;
   
9. 9) Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract( recurrent gastritis, stomach or duodenal ulcer, colitis);
   
10. 10) Bubble diverticula and cystocele;
    
11. 11) Foreign bodies( contraceptives, catheters, strands);
    
12. 12) Infectious diseases accompanied by loss of water in the body.

Doctors can identify the cause of the disease on special equipment. Diagnosis is an important criterion in the choice of patient treatment strategy.

Symptoms of stones in the bladder

In the case of stones in the bladder, men and women often complain of such symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen or lumbar region, the appearance of blood in the urine. And this is due to physical stress or sudden movements. Changing the position of the body can lead to acute pain, which is associated with the integration of the stone.

As the stone moves, the source of pain sensations changes from the waist to the groin, the lower abdomen and genital organs. The urge to frequent and causeless urination testifies to the presence of a stone in the lower part of the bladder or ureter. If the stone overlaps the ureter, then urine accumulates in the kidney, and kidney colic appears.

This cramping pain in the abdomen and lower back, often accompanied by fever, chills, nausea. The attack ends when the stone changes its position or exits.

Symptoms of the disease:

• frequent urination, especially when walking or exercising;
  
• pain in the side or waist;
  
• blood in the urine;
  
• fever, chills.

Other symptoms of stones in the bladder include a change in the color of urine, its turbidity. Urine acquires an unpleasant odor, becomes dense, and in some cases, urination stops. With severe pain, it is better to call an ambulance, anesthesia will help survive the attack.

Read also how to treat stones in the ureter.

Diagnosis of stones

Before appointing treatment, a urologist should determine the cause of the disease. To do this, the body is diagnosed.
Diagnostic methods that help to determine the presence of a stone in the bladder:

• ultrasound of the bladder;
  
• examination using a cystoscope;
  
• general urine analysis, as well as urine analysis according to Nechiporenko;
  
• X-ray of the bladder or its area;
  
• diagnosis using a computer or magnetic tomograph;
  
• introduction of contrast agent, intravenous urography.

Such studies are sufficient for an accurate diagnosis of the disease. No need to get used to the pain, professional consultation and adequate treatment are required, otherwise stones in the bladder can lead to inflammation of the kidney, and in the worst case, to its loss.

Treatment of stones in the bladder

Stones in the bladder, and their treatment depends largely on the size of the stone itself, its composition, complications, the age of a man or woman, and the state of the body. As usual, treatment is possible in two ways:

• conservative method;
  
• surgical method.

Conservative method includes drug therapy and diet depending on the nature of the stone( phosphate, urate, oxalate).This is an effective method that allows not only to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, but also to prevent relapses and the formation of new stones.

Drug therapy in men and women includes goldenroot grass to prevent the appearance of new stones, antispasmodics having an anesthetic effect and antibiotics if there is a urinary tract infection.

Surgical methods of stone treatment are divided into the following types:

• crushing stones and removing them with an endoscope;
  
• crushing stones in the bladder and removing it with a cystoscope;
  
• is an open operation to remove the stone from the bladder via a scalpel.

The most acceptable and less traumatic method is the stone crushing method called shock wave lithotripsy. The process is controlled by ultrasound and x-ray. After the procedure, small fragments spontaneously leave the ureter.

Prevention

The disease is treatable if the rules and recommendations of a urologist are followed. A great importance for the prevention of stone formation in the bladder is drinking regime and nutrition. The amount of food should be limited, no need to overeat, it is not recommended to eat salty, fatty, sour and spicy food. It is necessary to reduce the use of products containing oxalates and purines.

To the first belong: spinach, celery, chocolate, carrots, cocoa, green cabbage. Increased purine content in products such as pork, poultry, kidneys, liver, legumes.

It is necessary to drink at least two liters of liquid per day. Mainly take mineral water, tincture of diuretic herbs, decoction of wild rose, birch sap. Do not overcool, not to provoke inflammation of the kidney or urogenital system. At the slightest discomfort immediately consult a doctor for diagnosis.

Complications of

Complications include renal dysfunction, inflammation, and an abscess in the kidney cavity. The disease must be treated, otherwise the infection of blood can develop, when the outflow of urine ceases and intoxication of the organism occurs.

Uremia leads to a critical state of the body and even death. Therefore, it is important to prevent this condition.

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