Nephropathy of kidneys in children: features of manifestation and treatment

Nephropathy of kidneys in children( dysmetabolic nephropathy) is a kidney disease due to a metabolic disorder in the child's body. There are primary and secondary nephropathy.

Primary nephropathy is due to a hereditary factor. In this case there is a progressive course, early development of urolithiasis and chronic renal failure. This form of nephropathy is rare.

Secondary dysmetabolic nephropathy is associated with the ingestion of certain substances into the body, and their metabolism is disrupted due to the dysfunction of certain organs and their systems. Dysfunction of the digestive system, for example, may be due to the intake of certain medications.

Basically, dysmetabolic nephropathy occurs due to impaired calcium metabolism, excess oxalic acid, phosphate, oxalate or urate. There are mixed nephropathies.

Typical features of dismetabolic nephropathies

Oxalate-calcium nephropathy

Most often occurs in children. The reason - in violation of the exchange of calcium and salts of oxalic acid. Oxalates enter the body with food or are synthesized in the body itself.

Oxalates are formed due to the following factors:

• Increased content of oxalates in food.
• Diseases of the intestine, including hereditary( Crohn's disease), ulcerative colitis, etc.
• Increased synthesis of oxalates by the body.

Oxalatnaja nefropatija

In this case besides the genetic factor the huge role is played by influence of an environment, stress, a food, physical overstrain. The disease can occur at any age, even in infants. The general condition and development of children with this form of nephropathy is usually not changed, but they are usually characterized by metabolic disorders such as obesity, allergies, heart attacks, headaches.

Exacerbation of the disease can occur during puberty and hormonal changes in the body. Progressing, oxalate kidney nephropathy in children can lead to the formation of urolithiasis, infection and the emergence of inflammation of the kidneys.

Phosphate nephropathy

The main cause of this form of nephropathy of kidneys in children is a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and a chronic infectious process in the kidneys.

Urinary nephropathy

Caused by a disruption in the exchange of urate( uric acid).Crystals of urate salts are deposited and accumulate in the tissues of the kidneys, disrupting their function. Urine with accumulation of urate becomes a saturated brick color.

Cystine nephropathy

This form of kidney nephropathy in children is associated with a genetic defect. Cystine is a metabolic product of the amino acids methionines. There is an excess of accumulation of cystine and a violation of the processes of reverse absorption in the tubules of the kidneys.

Progressing, the disease leads to urolithiasis and inflammation of the kidneys due to the attachment of the infectious process.

Diagnosis and treatment of nephropathy in children

To identify the disease, the following:

1. kidney ultrasound;
2. urine tests are clinical with the identification of salt crystals;
3. testing of ACOSM, calciphylaxis.

Treatment should be comprehensive and directed to the following rules:

• Healthy lifestyle.
• Rational nutrition and organization of drinking regime.
• Diet.
• Specific therapy.

The amount of liquid consumed increases, which decreases the concentration of soluble substances in the urine. In addition, purposefully increase the night volume of urination due to the intake of fluid before bed. It is best to drink mineral or plain pure water. The salt load on the kidney decreases as a result of the diet.

With oxalate kidney nephropathy, children are excluded from meat broths, sorrel, carrots, cocoa, chocolate, cranberries, beets. Recommended use of potatoes, cabbage, dried apricots, prunes, pears. Assign the reception of mineral waters( Slavyanovskaya, Smirnovskaya).Assign vitamins A, E, B6, magnesium preparations.

With urate nephropathy, preference is given to the dairy and vegetable diet. Limit consumption of meat products, beans, nuts, cocoa. An important point is sufficient fluid intake( up to two liters per day).Mineral water should be slightly alkaline. Preferably drink decoctions of horsetail, dill, sporis, birch buds. Good help is a decoction of oats. Under strict supervision appoint allopurinol and nicotinamide, phytolysin.

In children with phosphate kidney nephropathy, mineral waters of Narzan, Dzau-Suar are prescribed in children. Of the drugs: cystinal, vitamin C, methionine. Limit the consumption of cheese, liver, chocolate, caviar.

Cystine nephropathy is treated with a diet that includes limiting or excluding from the diet fish, eggs, meat, cottage cheese. Mineral water is desirable to consume alkaline. It is important to consume at least two liters of fluid. It is useful to drink a lot before bed.

Penicillamine is treated for a long time, as well as its less toxic analogue, with banknil. Prescribe the intake of vitamins A, E. In addition, with cystinosis successfully used kidney transplantation, which should be carried out at a young age, preferably up to 18-19 years. However, there is a risk of kidney transplantation also.

The prognosis for kidney kidney nephropathy in children is usually favorable, while observing all the norms of treatment and prevention of exacerbations of this disease.

Prophylactic measures are usually aimed at maintaining and adhering to a strict diet, routine examinations and laboratory-instrumental methods of examining the functions of the kidneys, conducting urinalysis.

Sanatorium treatment and children's health improvement are carried out. It is advisable to visit the mineral springs of the resorts of Morshyn, Truskavets, etc.