Tuberculosis of kidneys in children: signs, symptoms, diagnosis
Tuberculosis of kidneys in children is a rather contradictory disease. Some doctors believe that kidney tuberculosis of kidneys is developing quite rarely, and some experts, on the contrary, hold the view that pathology equally often affects both children and adults.
Through studies, it has been established that renal tuberculosis is formed hematogenically and infects both kidneys at once. Penetration of tubercle bacilli into the kidney occurs during the primary generalization of the pathological process, when the lungs, bones, intestines, larynx, pleura and lymph nodes become infected.
For the appearance of the pathology of one penetration into the kidney of tuberculosis microorganisms is insufficient. Only with a specific allergic state of the renal parenchyma and high sensitivity of the receptors does the formation of the tuberculosis process begin in it.
The kidney can be infected with tuberculosis sticks anywhere, but the spread of the pathology starts from the cortical part towards the pelvis and calyxes. After that, the pathology goes to the ureter and damages the bladder.
Symptoms of the disease
The main manifestations that indicate the development of kidney tuberculosis in the child are blunt pain in the lumbar region, general weakness, prolonged temperature increase.
More often the signs of tuberculosis of the kidneys are hidden. The main symptom that helps confirm kidney damage is the clinical diagnosis of the pathogen in the urinalysis of the child.
In the kidneys, tuberculous microbacteria penetrate the hematogenous way, that is, through the blood. This is the answer to the question of how kidney tuberculosis is transmitted. Initially, the brain layers of the body are affected - caverns, foci of decay, and ulcerative necrotic signs of lesion are formed. Subsequently, the process affects the calyx and kidneys of the kidneys, the bladder, the canal of the urination and the ureters, so a frequent sign of the development of tuberculosis in the kidney is the formation of a large number of scars - this is the result of healing lesions.
Sometimes bacteria are not destroyed and stored in tissues, but without showing any activity. Even with the slightest deterioration in the immunity of the child pathogens can go into an active state, which provokes a relapse of tuberculosis. To the same outcome results infectious defeat, exhaustion of the body, hypothermia, urinary tract diseases.
The manifestation of symptoms, in which the doctor begins to suspect the presence of the disease, correlates with the form and stage of development of kidney damage. Clinical signs of tuberculosis only occur after a latent period, in connection with which, at the beginning of the development of pathology, complaints are completely absent. In children, the latent period is reduced.
Diagnosis of the disease
An important role in the process of diagnosing kidney tuberculosis in the child's body is played by correctly collected data on the development and course of the disease. Due to the fact that kidney tuberculosis is a sign of infection of the whole body, it is therefore very important to establish the presence of the child's contacts in the past or present with patients suffering from tuberculosis of bones, lungs, pleura, lymph nodes, skin, genitals, small intestine and t.
Prolonged pyuria - excretion along with urine purulent mass - should alert the doctor first of all in relation to the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis, especially if there is a tuberculous lesion of other systems and organs of the body in the medical history.
Diagnosis of kidney tuberculosis in a child is a very complex process due to the difficulties associated with conducting a urological examination of children at an early age. It is necessary to pay due attention to such manifestations as subfebrile temperature indices that do not decrease for a long time, general weakening of the body, rapid fatigue, lack of appetite and a sharp decrease in weight, dull aching pain in the lumbar region. Bacteriological examination of urinalysis with diagnosis of the presence of tuberculosis microbacteria confirms the expected diagnosis of renal tuberculosis.
Correct evaluation of complaints from the child helps to diagnose more quickly and correctly. It is important to pay special attention to the process of dysuria, which can also be supplemented by aching pain in the lumbar region, above the bosom. Often such pain can give to the lower extremities or in the genitals.
Therapeutic process of the disease
Treatment of kidney tuberculosis in children practically does not differ from the treatment of this pathology in an adult and consists of the activities of two groups - etiotropic and pathogenetic.
After the beginning of use in the treatment of tuberculosis-infected kidneys of children of specific chemotherapeutics against tuberculosis, the need to organize surgical removal of the kidney in any forms of tuberculosis has disappeared.
Currently, in the complex therapy of renal tuberculosis in children, only 20% of cases are surgically intervened.
The treatment of kidney tuberculosis should be based on the main principles of anti-tuberculosis treatment, regardless of the site of injury and the age of the patient. Treatment should be carried out continuously in accordance with the type of pathology.
The mandatory component of treatment is the use of antituberculosis drugs when combining them with the general health regimen of the day, vitamin intake and proper nutrition.
The specific antibacterial treatment of kidney tuberculosis is organized in accordance with the general rules of treatment. To select a suitable dose of a drug, a preliminary examination of kidney function is required. The hemorrhoid test is an important diagnostic criterion for detecting the ability of the kidney to function normally.
Functional abilities of the urinary system in children with the development of tuberculosis often involves the implementation of the individual approach of the doctor to the development of antituberculous drugs.