All about arterial hypertension - symptoms and treatment of ailment

Arterial hypertension is a condition when the blood pressure on the walls of arteries is higher than normal. On the basis of constantly high blood pressure, various diseases often develop and a fatal outcome is possible. By medicine it is proved that people suffering from this disease, without lack of effective treatment are susceptible to strokes and heart attacks, cardiac and renal insufficiency. The disease has virtually no symptoms, except for headaches in some patients.

The causes of the appearance of the disease are defined as the imbalance of the degree of narrowing of the vessels and the volume of fluid in the body systems. For example, excretion of sodium from the body can be disturbed due to kidney disease. The presence of tumors contributes to the uncontrolled production of hormones that cause sodium retention or vasoconstrictors. The result is a prolonged increase in blood pressure, leading to rupture of blood vessels. With the development of atherosclerosis, the elasticity of the arterial walls decreases, so the load on the heart increases, and it increases in size.

Sometimes the cause of arterial hypertension can be eliminated by restoring the damaged blood supply to the kidney or by completely removing the affected kidney, as well as by surgical removal of the tumor.

Degrees of arterial hypertension

1. Hypertension 1 degree( low risk) means that in the next 10 years the probability of cardiovascular complications in a patient is less than 15%.The systolic pressure is 140-160, and the diastolic pressure is 90-100.
2. Hypertension of the 2nd degree( medium risk) suggests a 15-20% chance of developing cardiovascular complications in the next 10 years. Systolic blood pressure has a value of 160-180, and a diastolic value of 100-110.

Stage 3 of arterial hypertension

Stages of arterial hypertension with a possible transition from one to another mean deterioration in the prognosis of the disease accompanied by worsening of the patient's condition.

• At the first stage, there is a slight increase in blood pressure. Hypertensive crises are rare. The increase in cardiac boundaries can only be determined with the help of ECG and ultrasound.
• For the second stage, unstable hypertension is characteristic. The enlarged borders of the heart are already palpable, crises happen more often. There are signs of damage to the brain, heart and kidneys.
• The third stage is most dangerous - very high blood pressure leads to obvious damage to the target organs. Vision is impaired, neurological symptoms are manifested, cardiac and renal insufficiency is observed.

Symptoms and signs

Symptoms of arterial hypertension are determined by the form of the course of the disease and the stage of hypertension.

Most common hypertension in the initial stages is asymptomatic. As soon as the target organs are affected, the first symptoms of the disease immediately appear. The disease primarily affects the heart: thickens the walls of the left pancreas, responsible for pumping blood through a large range of blood circulation. Then there are changes in the blood vessels and there are disorders of blood supply to the internal organs.

Transient headaches and vision disorders, headaches, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, heart pain are the main symptoms indicative of the development of arterial hypertension. These symptoms are especially pronounced in hypertensive crisis.

Further symptoms show disruption of the target organs. Thus, cardiac and renal failure, coronary heart disease, signs of hypertensive encephalopathy, and visual impairment begin to develop. However, patients are not in a hurry to visit the doctor, because they do not give all the symptoms the proper value.

Features of the disease in children

Arterial hypertension in children occurs from 1 to 3% of the total child population. Children are characterized by a steady increase in blood pressure exceeding 95 percentile, taking into account the gender and age of the particular child. This indicator is assessed according to monograms or tables, but normal blood pressure indicators primarily depend on the weight and height of the child.

The role of the school of arterial hypertension in public awareness

The school of arterial hypertension is a cycle consisting of 8 sessions of 90 minutes, which are devoted to important problems of control of arterial hypertension with active participation of the patient. The lessons cover such topics.

• The concept of arterial hypertension.
• Healthy nutrition for this disease.
• Obesity.
• Physical activity and health.
• Harm to smoking.
• The impact of stress.
• Treatment of the disease.
• Conclusions.

How is the disease treated?

Treatment of arterial hypertension without the use of medications implies compliance with a diet that restricts the intake of fats, table salt, digestible carbohydrates, and smoking cessation, stress management, daily physical activity. Correction of lifestyle in terms of health is given special attention.

The task of drug treatment is to gradually reduce blood pressure with a complete elimination of its cause. At the beginning of treatment, mono-or combination therapy is recommended. If monotherapy does not work, preference is given to low-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs. First, experts designate such drugs that can effectively reduce the risk of non-fatal strokes and heart attacks and the likelihood of a fatal outcome.

Fosinopril is well proven in the treatment of this disease. To reduce the risk of treatment should start with small doses, taking the drug at night. Patients with acute course of hypertension taking the drug is carried out under strict control of pressure. To achieve maximum effect, a gradual increase in the dose every 24 hours is recommended.