Nephritis of kidneys in children. Its symptoms and causes.
Nephritis of kidneys in children is an inflammatory process that damages the renal parenchyma. When the parenchyma of both kidneys is involved, it is a diffuse nephritis. If the areas of inflammation are noticeable among healthy tissue, then we are talking about focal nephritis.
The inflammatory process can be chronic or acute. For children, the development of acute forms is characteristic mainly due to the defeat of streptococcal infection.
Causes of development of nephritis in children
Usually the inflammatory process in the kidneys in children becomes a consequence of streptococcal infection. It develops two to four weeks after recovery. This is the so-called delayed reaction of inflammation to the remaining pathogens of infection. In the early stages of the pathology, there is often an increase in blood pressure, but the long-term prognosis remains favorable.
Other causes of pathology that occur much less frequently include bacterial and viral infections, as well as rheumatic diseases.
Symptoms and nature of the pathology of
. Characteristic manifestations of kidney damage are: blood in the urine, swelling and elevation of blood pressure - hypertension. Sometimes at the very beginning of the disease the temperature rises in the child, he complains of headaches, vomiting, depression, and swelling sometimes does not form immediately. Unlike cardiac edema, swelling in the kidneys is formed on the eyelids and on the face and can often be very significant. With the appearance of edema, the volume of urine decreases sharply, and subsequently this process can completely stop.
This is important! In addition to raising arterial pressure from the vessels and the heart, there is an increase in the pulse and augmentation of the second aortic tone.
When the jade develops, the entire body of the child suffers. Children in this state can lose consciousness, their eyesight deteriorates, symptoms of acute or chronic heart failure develop. The aforementioned conditions presuppose the organization of careful monitoring of the patient with nephritis and the functional state of the organs and systems of his organism.
How to treat nephritis in a child
In an active stage of pathology, a patient needs strict bed rest for four to six weeks. Initially shown fruit-sugar days, when a child consumes 10 grams of sugar and 50 grams of fruit per 1 kg of its weight.
Protein consumption is limited only in the first days of treatment, and then the child is shown a full protein regime. Refusal of salt is required only if there is a pronounced edema or increased blood pressure. Restriction of fluid intake is dangerous for the child's body, even with the appearance of edema.
Since the first days of the disease, penicillin and oleandomycin have been prescribed. Subsequently, the use of drugs with prolonged effect is recommended.
To reduce the sensitivity apply dimedrol, suprastin and calcium gluconate. Glucocorticoid medicines are also often used, especially for any form of acquired glomerulonephritis. Therapy with hormonal drugs can be realized only under the strict supervision of a doctor. Of hypotensive drugs, the patient is assigned dibazol, reserpine and apressin.
This is important! When severe swelling occurs, the child is treated with Lasix, hypothiazide and aldactone. Each sick child is shown vitamins A, B, C, R, B. in complex treatment must necessarily include sanation of infectious foci.
Complications of nephritis in children
The immediate complication that most often causes nephritis is a significant rise in blood pressure. In the post-streptococcal form of the glomerulonephritis, the child is often placed in a hospital for treatment with a view to constantly monitoring the indices of pressure.
As soon as the pressure indicators come back to normal, further predictions become favorable and the treatment proceeds successfully.
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