Bronchial asthma: symptoms and signs of disease

Numerous and fairly lengthy studies on obstructive respiratory diseases have led to the conclusion that bronchial asthma is a recurrent disease with a prolonged and chronic course.

These phenomena are characterized by a change in the reactivity of the bronchi - they are provoked by changes in the immune status of the body and by non-immune damage to the mechanisms of regulation of the tone of the bronchial tree, as a result of which there is an asthma attack or asthmatic status.

Cough with bronchial asthma is the main clinical manifestation and the most characteristic symptom of the disease - it occurs in response to the patient's contact with provoking factors.

In the event that the patient is diagnosed with bronchial asthma, the classification of the disease is necessarily taken into account in the diagnosis of a particular person.
1. Depending on the form of the disease,

• is allocated to non-immunological bronchial asthma;
• immunologic bronchial asthma.

2. Depending on the clinical and pathogenetic mechanism of development, the following variants of the disease are distinguished:

• atopic;
• autoimmune;
• is infectious-allergic;
• dyshormonal;
• adrenergic imbalance;
• is a neuropsychic;
• primarily altered reactivity - including asthma, aspirin and asthma physical effort;
• is cholinergic.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma can occur even after a short contact of the organism, sensitive to the damaging factor, and the allergen itself, which gets into the body triggers a classic allergic reaction

Causes of the development of the disease

Currently, in industrialized countries, a steady increase in the number of patients,suffering from obstructive diseases of the respiratory system. In the population, approximately 1% of the population has bronchial asthma - the symptoms of the disease can occur even after a single case of severe bronchitis or bronchiolitis.

The constant contact of a modern person with industrial and domestic allergens, the use of drugs that sensitize the body and alter the reactivity of the body's immune system, can be considered as a reason for the constant increase in the number of patients.
Exacerbation of bronchial asthma and an attack of obstruction can provoke:

• viral and bacterial infections;
• industrial and household allergens;
• substances with irritating effect - that is why smoking and bronchial asthma are absolutely incompatible conditions;
• medications prescribed for the treatment of any pathological conditions of the body;
• stressful effects;
• intensive physical activity, especially when combined in cold or overdried air.

How does bronchial asthma manifest?

Symptoms of bronchial asthma are explained by changes in the reactivity of the bronchi, which occur only with the simultaneous development of bronchospasm, increased production and changes in the quality of mucus to be separated, edema of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree.

An attack of bronchial obstruction occurs only when the bronchi are relatively small in size - they are devoid of a solid cartilaginous layer and, under adverse circumstances, they can fully obturate over a considerable extent.

Bronchial asthma in its development in each patient necessarily goes through three stages:

1. The development stage of the patient's hypersensitivity to a potential allergen that can cause the development of bronchospasm.
2. The state of the betrayal - it is not always possible to notice it.
3. Clinically pronounced bronchial asthma - the diagnosis of the disease itself can be made only after the development of an asthmatic status or the first typical attack of bronchospasm.

It is at this stage of the disease that the patient needs emergency help in case of asthma attack - in the absence of it the patient's blood gas changes, metabolic disorders not only to the respiratory system, but also to other systems of the human body.

At the time of exacerbation of the disease, the patient develops suffocation, the severity of which may fluctuate from a slight difficulty in breathing, which can only be detected by careful examination of the patient, to asthmatic status.

Under this concept, modern pulmonologists and allergists understand the state of a prolonged asthma attack, which acquires resistance even to drugs included in modern treatment of bronchial asthma, and manifests itself in an acute progressive insufficiency of breathing.

Its development is provoked by a combination of obstruction of airway and conducting airways and resistance to adrenomimetic drugs( adrenostimulants).

In the case when the patient is diagnosed with bronchial asthma, treatment of the patient should begin already at the moment of development of harbingers of bronchospasm attack. It should be remembered that the first characteristic signs may appear even a few days before the attack - the patient has vasomotor reactions of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, paroxysmal cough with difficulty in sputum discharge, dyspnea.

During the heat of suffocation, the patient develops severe expiratory dyspnea( with difficulty in entering and shortening its duration).The exit at the time of the attack becomes slow and noisy - whistling noises are audible at a distance from the patient who takes a forced position with a fixed upper limb belt( in this case, the auxiliary musculature is involved in the act of breathing)

In the period of resolution of an attack, a large amount of mucus is released - sputum in the bronchialastmeostaetsya thick and viscous, gradually disappearing cyanosis of the skin and mucous and the patient's condition improves.

It should be remembered that in those cases when the patient is diagnosed with bronchial asthma treatment, folk remedies can bring not relief, but harm for the patient - medicinal plants themselves can provoke allergic reactions.