Tachycardia: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Diagnosis
Sinus tachycardia of the heart is a rapid pulse while maintaining a normal heart rate.
In a harmonious state, an electrical impulse emerges from the sinus node, propagating in the exact direction, creating a sustained contraction of the ventricles.
Today, doctors talk about tachycardia in the event that the number of heartbeats per minute increases to 90 times or more.
In the event of a disease, heartbeat increases due to the increased frequency of electrical impulses of the sinus node. The increase in the automatism of the sinus node appears during physical and psychoemotional load, after application of energy, coffee and other beverages containing caffeine inside. A similar response of the body is the provision of normal blood supply to each organ under conditions of problematic work by the example of how it happens during physical exertion. Also, a healthy heartbeat can be considered the reaction of the human body when releasing hormones of stress.
In addition, sinus tachycardia appears due to an increase in body temperature. Doctors believe that for every increased degree of temperature, the heart rate increases by ten beats per minute. Natural tachycardia also appears in the heat, with stress, agitation, after eating.
Why does tachycardia develop and what is it? As already mentioned, sinus tachycardia appears with the right preservation of the rhythm of the heart, the source is the sinus node. Sinus tachycardia can manifest itself in the form of paroxysms, but from the paroxysmal type of tachycardia, it is distinguished by a systematic, rather than a sharp stabilization of the heart rhythm.
The following conditions can cause development of tachycardia in a healthy person:
With tachycardia frequency of up to 150 times every minute there is an increase in the minute volume of the heart and coronary blood flow.
Symptoms of tachycardia are largely dependent on its duration, type and nature of the disease. Certain signs may either be completely absent, or a feeling of frequent palpitation, pain, a feeling of heaviness may appear.
If the heart palpitations were caused by stress or stress, the patients usually do not feel any signs. Tachycardia, which persists in a calm state, often worries the patient with dizziness, pain and discomfort in the heart, shortness of breath, a sense of lack of air.
In case of an inadequate type of illness, dyspnea, palpitations, prolonged head twitches appear. There may be insomnia, decreased performance and increased fatigue. Rapid palpitation is detected by ECG.
In this case, the first tone at the top is strengthened, sinus tachycardia caused by intoxication or myocarditis, has a weakened tone. The correct heart rhythm is determined.
To determine the causes of sinus tachycardia - non-cardiac causes or heart diseases, diagnostic measures are needed. An electrocardiogram or ECG helps to quickly and efficiently determine the rhythm and heart rate.
Another popular method is the Holter daily monitoring of the ECG, which is completely safe for the patient and very informative. Helps to find any irregularities in the heart rate, changes in the functioning of the heart with the standard activity of the patient. If a pathological tachycardia is suspected, the doctor may prescribe magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography to determine intracardiac pathologies. ETH of the heart gives information about the location of the electrical pulse on the heart muscle.
Such types of studies as general urine and blood analysis, brain EEG, hormone assays enable us to determine if there are pathological changes in the body, in particular endocrine diseases, blood diseases, etc.
Methods of treatment of tachycardia are dependent onfirst of all from the underlying disease that caused the problem. Treatment should be conducted by a cardiologist along with other specialists. For a start, the patient is recommended to remove the provoking factors that cause the acceleration of the heart contraction.
This is an improvement in the sleep and rest regime, excluding caffeinated drinks - coffee, tea, chocolate, as well as alcoholic beverages and nicotine, from the food. It is important to reduce mental and physical stress, to stay in a good mood. For prevention, recommend a little exercise and breathing exercises.
If physiological tachycardia is excluded, the underlying disease is treated. With mental disorders and neuroses, a consultation of a neuropathologist is necessary. Usually prescribe sedatives, tranquilizers. Also, with vegeto-vascular dystonia, which is often the cause of tachycardia, natural sedatives are prescribed: valerian, mint, motherwort, melissa.
In order not to aggravate the disease, it is necessary to treat the disease causing a tachycardia qualitatively. In particular, it is anemia, hyperthyroidism, tonsillitis, etc. Usually after treatment of the main disease, there is also a tachycardia. It is important that the treatment conducted is based on a patient's history and be selected individually.
A cardiologist can prescribe medications that reduce the rhythm of the heart. In many cases, a small dose of B-adrenoblockers is used. It can be corvitol, atenolol in a dose of 25-50 mg per day. The doctor chooses the amount of medicine individually.
If the sinus tachycardia is associated with heart failure, the doctor may also assign cardiac glycosides together with β-blockers, for example, digoxin. In the most difficult cases, a transvenous RFA of the heart is performed.
In patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, sinus tachycardia appears more often than usual. Since in this case tachycardia is a reflection of the response of the cardiovascular system to a decrease in the tone of intracardiac dynamics and ejection fraction, the prognosis can be quite serious.
If a patient has a physiological tachycardia even with rather strong symptoms, the prognosis of the disease is positive. A favorable prognosis is sure to develop if the doctor's prophylactic requirements are observed.
In a harmonious state, an electrical impulse emerges from the sinus node, propagating in the exact direction, creating a sustained contraction of the ventricles.
Today, doctors talk about tachycardia in the event that the number of heartbeats per minute increases to 90 times or more.
In the event of a disease, heartbeat increases due to the increased frequency of electrical impulses of the sinus node. The increase in the automatism of the sinus node appears during physical and psychoemotional load, after application of energy, coffee and other beverages containing caffeine inside. A similar response of the body is the provision of normal blood supply to each organ under conditions of problematic work by the example of how it happens during physical exertion. Also, a healthy heartbeat can be considered the reaction of the human body when releasing hormones of stress.
In addition, sinus tachycardia appears due to an increase in body temperature. Doctors believe that for every increased degree of temperature, the heart rate increases by ten beats per minute. Natural tachycardia also appears in the heat, with stress, agitation, after eating.
Classification of
Why does tachycardia develop and what is it? As already mentioned, sinus tachycardia appears with the right preservation of the rhythm of the heart, the source is the sinus node. Sinus tachycardia can manifest itself in the form of paroxysms, but from the paroxysmal type of tachycardia, it is distinguished by a systematic, rather than a sharp stabilization of the heart rhythm.
- Paroxysmal tachycardia, unlike the sinus one, often appears sharply, in the form of an attack. Calculate the number of strokes a patient can be quite difficult, the frequency of beats per minute exceeds 140 times. Patients experience weakness, a sense of fear, feel a strong heartbeat. The face of the patient becomes pale, it is difficult for him to breathe, pulsating arteries on his neck are visible. There may be a feeling of discomfort behind the sternum and pain in the heart. In such a case, it is important to call an ambulance in time to stop the attack. Based on the location, paroxysmal tachycardia can be ventricular, nodal and atrial. The main causes of paroxysmal attack are VSD, mitral stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis.
- Ventricular tachycardia is a characteristic appearance of three or more impulses, coming in succession with a heart rate of 120 strokes. It is caused by pathological problems in the functioning of the myocardium. As a result of the disease, there is no systole and diastole, the heart can not work normally. Only individual ventricular muscles begin to contract dimly. This type of disease is rare, usually in older men. The causes are vices, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, ischemia and hypertension.
Causes of tachycardia
The following conditions can cause development of tachycardia in a healthy person:
- neuroses, VSD and mental disorders.
- thyroid disease - thyrotoxicosis.
- attacks with acute pain.
- anemia.
- pregnancy. In this case, the disease passes by itself after the birth of the child.
- uncontrolled use of diuretics, hormones, euphyllin.
- heart failure.
- reflex factors caused by diseases of the bronchi and mucosa.
- problems in the diencephalic area.
- heart disease, myocarditis.
- inadequate blood supply to the heart.
- kidney and lung disease.
Symptoms of tachycardia
With tachycardia frequency of up to 150 times every minute there is an increase in the minute volume of the heart and coronary blood flow.
Symptoms of tachycardia are largely dependent on its duration, type and nature of the disease. Certain signs may either be completely absent, or a feeling of frequent palpitation, pain, a feeling of heaviness may appear.
If the heart palpitations were caused by stress or stress, the patients usually do not feel any signs. Tachycardia, which persists in a calm state, often worries the patient with dizziness, pain and discomfort in the heart, shortness of breath, a sense of lack of air.
In case of an inadequate type of illness, dyspnea, palpitations, prolonged head twitches appear. There may be insomnia, decreased performance and increased fatigue. Rapid palpitation is detected by ECG.
In this case, the first tone at the top is strengthened, sinus tachycardia caused by intoxication or myocarditis, has a weakened tone. The correct heart rhythm is determined.
Diagnostics
To determine the causes of sinus tachycardia - non-cardiac causes or heart diseases, diagnostic measures are needed. An electrocardiogram or ECG helps to quickly and efficiently determine the rhythm and heart rate.
Another popular method is the Holter daily monitoring of the ECG, which is completely safe for the patient and very informative. Helps to find any irregularities in the heart rate, changes in the functioning of the heart with the standard activity of the patient. If a pathological tachycardia is suspected, the doctor may prescribe magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography to determine intracardiac pathologies. ETH of the heart gives information about the location of the electrical pulse on the heart muscle.
Such types of studies as general urine and blood analysis, brain EEG, hormone assays enable us to determine if there are pathological changes in the body, in particular endocrine diseases, blood diseases, etc.
Treatment of tachycardia
Methods of treatment of tachycardia are dependent onfirst of all from the underlying disease that caused the problem. Treatment should be conducted by a cardiologist along with other specialists. For a start, the patient is recommended to remove the provoking factors that cause the acceleration of the heart contraction.
This is an improvement in the sleep and rest regime, excluding caffeinated drinks - coffee, tea, chocolate, as well as alcoholic beverages and nicotine, from the food. It is important to reduce mental and physical stress, to stay in a good mood. For prevention, recommend a little exercise and breathing exercises.
If physiological tachycardia is excluded, the underlying disease is treated. With mental disorders and neuroses, a consultation of a neuropathologist is necessary. Usually prescribe sedatives, tranquilizers. Also, with vegeto-vascular dystonia, which is often the cause of tachycardia, natural sedatives are prescribed: valerian, mint, motherwort, melissa.
In order not to aggravate the disease, it is necessary to treat the disease causing a tachycardia qualitatively. In particular, it is anemia, hyperthyroidism, tonsillitis, etc. Usually after treatment of the main disease, there is also a tachycardia. It is important that the treatment conducted is based on a patient's history and be selected individually.
A cardiologist can prescribe medications that reduce the rhythm of the heart. In many cases, a small dose of B-adrenoblockers is used. It can be corvitol, atenolol in a dose of 25-50 mg per day. The doctor chooses the amount of medicine individually.
If the sinus tachycardia is associated with heart failure, the doctor may also assign cardiac glycosides together with β-blockers, for example, digoxin. In the most difficult cases, a transvenous RFA of the heart is performed.
Forecast of treatment of tachycardia
In patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, sinus tachycardia appears more often than usual. Since in this case tachycardia is a reflection of the response of the cardiovascular system to a decrease in the tone of intracardiac dynamics and ejection fraction, the prognosis can be quite serious.
If a patient has a physiological tachycardia even with rather strong symptoms, the prognosis of the disease is positive. A favorable prognosis is sure to develop if the doctor's prophylactic requirements are observed.