Brief description of the main varieties

Anise. Autumn-winter Middle Russian variety, is also found in the central and northern regions of Russia. There are several varieties of anise( anise gray, anise scarlet, etc.).The tree forms a medium-density broad-pyramidal crown, with strong basic branches and often located short fruit-trees on branches of various ages. The leaves are shiny, bright green, small, oval;petiole short;pubescence very weak. Fruits are less than average, flat-rounded, with a small ribbing. Coloring is light green, with numerous intermittent red stripes( in anise scarlet with a continuous blush).Flesh greenish-white, fine-grained, juicy, tender, with a kind of "anise" taste, sweet and sour.

Antonovka. Autumn-winter variety of the central and northern regions of the European part of Russia. The tree is grown with a round-spreading, often irregular crown, with very strong branches and trunk. Fruit twigs are short, often behind

sharpened, as in a wild apple tree. The leaves are large, oval. The fruits are of medium size and large, varied in shape, from rounded to planoconic, mostly with wide ribs. Color at full maturity is light yellow, sometimes with a blush. Flesh white, coarse, wine-slate, very fragrant.

Antonovka one and a half pound. Autumn variety, deduced by IV Michurin. The crown is broad, rounded, densely leafy with thick, strong branches. The leaves are large. The fruits are very large, reaching 12.5 cm in diameter, round in shape, with noticeable ribs. The color of the fruit is light-colored, with noticeable white points. The flesh is white, juicy, sweet with tender acid, slightly fragrant.

Aport. The early winter variety, ripening in October-November and remaining until January, is distributed in the central regions of the European part of Russia and in Kazakhstan( Alma-Ata region).A tree with a wide, round crown of medium density. The leaves are very large, broadly oval. The fruits are large, the regular flat-conical shape. The main color is light yellow, with a dark red striped, mottled and dark blush. When storing fruits, a fatty wax coating is formed on the

skin. Pulp is snow-white, friable, juicy, fragrant;pleasant sweet and sour taste.

Astrakhan white. In the northern regions ripens in September, and in the south - in mid-July. Distributed in the North-West, Stavropol Territory, Rostov and Astrakhan regions, as well as in the steppe part of the Crimean region. A tree with a wide oval or rounded crown, strongly leafy, free from frostbite. It is noted that even the flowers of this variety are resistant to frost. The leaves are large, oval. Fruits of medium size, regular flat-rounded shape, sometimes wide-conical, occasionally with weak ribs. The main color is matte-white, covering in the form of a dull-pink blush with short bands. Shaded fruits only show banding and even a lack of cover color. Flesh white, juicy, sweet and sour, often liquid. Astrakhan red. Late summer variety of southern regions and European part of Russia. The tree forms a pyramidal, dense, candelabra shaped, heavily layered crown, which with age becomes round and with more spread out branches. Shoots are thick, red-brown. Fruit twigs short, thick. Leaves are dense, large, oval, serrated

small crenate-dentate;petiole of medium length, thick;pubescent average. From Astrakhan white differs wrinkled surface and wavy plate. Fruits of medium size, regular flat-rounded shape, with slightly pronounced ribs. The main color is greenish-yellow, with a thick dark red cover color, weak stripedness and marbling;fruits with noticeable white dots, on the tree have a strong wax coating, with a noticeable aroma. Flesh yellowish-white with reddening under the skin, tender, juicy, kis-lo-sweet, slightly spicy.

Grandma's. Winter variety of northern and central regions of the European part of Russia. The storage season is November, December, January. The tree is strong, durable, with a broad, spreading, densely leafy crown. Leaves large, roundish;pubescent average. Fruits of medium and above average size, flat, weakly conical, with sharply defined indentations, as if constrictions. Coloring is light yellow, with ripening sometimes with very light blush. Flesh is yellowish-white, juicy, almost sweet, with weak acidity.

Belfrol-Chinese. Autumn variety. It was deduced by IV Michurin from the crossing of the banderiller

yellow with chinese. Has spread in the Voronezh, Kursk, Orel, Penza, Saratov and many other areas of the central strip of the European part of Russia. Well fruiting. A tree with a wide-pyramidal crown, densely leafy. The leaves are large, ovate, sharp-toothed. The fruits are large, round in shape, with wide ribs. The main color is light-pale, with a delicate blush, stripes and speckles of beautiful red color;the skin is very thin, perfectly smooth. Pulp is snow-white, tender, fine-grained, pleasant spicy, slightly sour taste.

Belfler( Belfry yellow).Winter variety. Season storage - January, February. Distributed in the southern zone of the European part of Russia. The tree is strong, with an oval, semi-spreading crown. Leaves of medium size. The fruits are large, oblong-conical, with noticeable ribs, with uneven sides. Color lemon yellow with brownish blush on the sunny side;peel with dark dots. Flesh is yellow, dense, fine-grained, tender, fragrant, of good quality.

Boykin. Winter variety that ripens in November and lasts until March and longer. Gives the product an exceptional whiteness when drying. The crop-

en, comes into fruiting early, is well transported.

Distributed in the southern zone of the European part of Russia. The tree is strong, with a spreading densely folded crown. The leaves are large, bright green, ovoid in shape. Fruits of medium size, sometimes large, oblate-conical, ribbed. Coloring light yellow, with a bright blush. Flesh white, dense, very juicy, sourish.

Borovinka. One of the fastest-growing and high-yielding autumn varieties. Ripens in September, persists throughout October. Fructifies annually. The tree forms a spherical or flat-spherical sprawling crown. Leaves are of medium size, ovoid. A "bronze" very shiny dark-green color of the upper surface of the leaf is characteristic. Fruits are of a regular flat-round shape, with very slightly expressed ribs. Coloring basic light yellow with a light greenish tinge. Covering color in the form of wide red and pale red stripes. Pulp slightly yellowish, with some reddening, medium density, with ripening soft, sourish taste. Fruits ripen in September, in the southern regions - before.

Borsdorf-Chinese. Late winter variety, derived by I.V.Michurin, which lasts until April-May. A variety of central and north-western regions of the European part of Russia. The tree is strong, with a wide crown, high-yielding. The leaves are large, oval. Fruits are round-flattened, regular in shape, without ribs. Coloration yellow-green, sometimes with a blush, on a peel whitish points. The pulp is dense, fine-grained, juicy, and renite.

The Boscopian beauty. Winter variety that ripens in late November and lasts until April. Occurs in the southern regions and the European part of Russia. The tree forms a sprawling crown with stout sparse branches. The leaves are of medium size, oval. The fruits are rather large, the regular flat-conical shape. Flesh is light yellow, dense, with ripening loose, renite taste, wine-sour, spicy. Color of fruits yellow with mottled blush and dark striped.

Wagner. Winter variety. The fruit is brightly colored, with a striped, clearly flattened shape, with noticeable wide 5 ribs, with a good retentive taste. The storage season is until February. It occurs in the southern regions of Krasnodar and Stavropol Krai. A tree with a rounded or

sprawling crown. The leaves are fairly large, ovoid in shape. Fruits are medium and above average, flattened, broad-five-tiered. The main color is light yellow with a striped and blush on almost the entire surface of the fruit. The skin is thin, dense, shiny, with dots. The flesh is dense, tender, very juicy, fragrant, sourish-sweet.

Vargul. Autumn-winter variety, which persists until February;occurs in the Voronezh and Kursk regions. The tree is strongly built with a wide-pyramidal crown, with densely leafy branches. The leaves are large, bright green. Fruits of medium size, almost rounded in a very regular shape, without ribs. The color is pale yellow with a clear delicate striped streak and marble blush. Flesh weakly yellowish, dense, type of renate, slightly sour, with a predominance of sweet taste, fragrant.

Grushovka Moscow. Early summer variety, characterized by a good, slightly sour taste. The main variety of northern and central regions of the European part of Russia. The tree forms a highly pyramidal crown with sparse, rather thin branches;with age, the crown becomes more rounded, and the main branches are quite firm. The leaves are large, elongated-oval.

Fruits are small, oblate, and sometimes round in regular form without noticeable ribs. Pale greenish and yellowish, with pronounced carmine banding. Flesh white, with a yellowish tinge, sometimes with reddening under the skin, fine-grained, tender, juicy, slightly sour taste, with a weak aroma. Jonathan

.Winter variety. Consumption season is November-January and longer. Fruits have a peculiar very strong aroma and a kind of caramel flavor. It occurs in the Oryol and Vinnytsia regions and in the Krasnodar Territory. The tree forms a round-sprawled crown with thin, frequent branches. Due to the narrow leaves, the crown does not seem compact. The leaves are of medium size, oval. Fruits are less than average, round-conical, weak.ribbed. Coloring light yellow, with a bright orange-red blush and striped. The skin is dense, the points are not very noticeable. Flesh yellow, prickly, dense, aromatic, refreshingly sourish.

Good farmer. Winter variety from a group of Russian varieties. The storage season is November, December, January, February. By taste, it is close to the group of hybrid rennets( pepins) and, possibly, comes from them. The fruits have an excellent taste and dense flesh, they remain well preserved. Distributed in the Kursk region, single trees are found in neighboring areas. A tree with a flat-round, wide, spreading crown. Leaves are of medium size, ovoid. Fruits are flat-rounded in regular shape, without ribs. The coloration is golden yellow with an orange-reddish light blush and noticeable dots on the thick skin. Pulp is yellowish, dense, and renin.

Abundant( Welsey).Autumn-winter variety that ripens in October and lasts until January. It is introduced into the standard in the north-western and central regions of the European part of Russia. The tree is medium-sized, with a rounded crown. The leaves are of medium size, oval-ovate. Fruits of medium size and large, regular round or round-conical shape. Coloring bright red, with stripes that turn into a solid blush. Flesh white, fine-grained, very juicy, sweet and sour taste.

Anvil calyville. Winter variety;It reaches full maturity in late autumn and lasts until March. Inferred I.V.Michurin at crossing an anise of velvet with Calville red winter. Distributed in the central part of Russia. The tree is strong, with a wide, spreading crown. Leaves are elongated. Fruits

characteristic of calyx - - wide round-conical shape, with typical ribbing. Coloration whitish pink, with a bright red blush and white small subcutaneous points scattered throughout the surface of the fetus. The flesh is juicy enough, dense, tart-sweet-sour, with a strong pleasant aroma.

Royal Calville( Pepin of London).It is characterized by its delicate, dense, juicy, especially spicy, fragrant pulp, which is commonly called "calylic".Matures in December and remains until April-May. A tree with a flat-round rather dense crown, a medium-thick, relatively cold-resistant. Distributed in the south of Russia. Leaves are of medium size, elongated-oval. Fruits are medium and above average, round-conical, with pronounced sharp ribs. The stain is basic lemon yellow with a cover bright red blush on most of the surface. Flesh is slightly yellowish, dense, tender, very juicy, wine-sweet.

Calville snow. The autumn-winter variety, kept until February-March, is found in the gardens of the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories. A tree with a sprawling crown and a few drooping, densely leafy branches. The leaves of

are of medium size, elongated-oval. Fruits of medium size, ovate-conical, slightly ribbed, of regular shape. Coloration is pale yellow, without blush or with a faint blush, without dots. Flesh white, medium density, juicy, slightly spicy.

Kandil-china. The late winter variety, derived by I.V.Michurin, remains until April;to taste is superior to the parent variety of Kandil Sinap. It grows well and fructifies in the central and southern regions of the European part of Russia. A tree of medium height. Fruit formations are placed on annual and perennial wood. The leaves are large, elongated-oval. Fruits of medium size, regular oval-conical shape, without ribs. Coloration greenish-yellow, with carmine blush on the sunny side. The skin is dense. Flesh white, dense, wine-sweet, juicy.

Chinese gold. The earliest summer variety, ripening in the northern fruit-growing regions in August, in the central part of Russia - in July. Inferred I.V.Michurin when crossing the filling of white with Chinese apple. It grows in the Pskov and Novgorod regions, as well as in the middle belt of the European part of Russia. The tree has a pyramidal crochet of

well, with fairly sparse medium-thick branches, medium-sized lobes. The leaves are large, elongate-ovoid. Fruits are small, regular, rounded-flattened, without ribs, the color is only basic, golden yellow. The skin is thin, smooth.

Cinnamon striped. Among the autumn apples cinnamon is distinguished by a rather dense flesh with a peculiar spicy taste and aroma. Dessert variety. One of the best varieties for jam. Distributed in the northern and central regions of the European part of Russia. A tree with a round, branchy, rather rare crown. Leaves are large, elongated. Fruits are medium and less than average, flat and flat-rounded in regular shape. The main color is light-pale, with intermittent carmine stripedness and shallow mottling. The flesh is white, juicy, fine-grained, sweet and sour taste, with spiciness. Ripen in September and can persist until December.

Box. The early summer variety, ripening earlier than all other summer varieties, except for the Chinese golden, in the second half of July or in August. The tree forms a pyramidal crown with thin, dense branches. The leaves are dark green, small, oval. Fruits are small,

is regular flattened shape, almost without ribs. Coloration is greenish-yellow, with a very slight dirty, uneven blush in the form of mottled and hardly noticeable bands. The pulp is yellowish, dense, a renite type, juicy, very sweet, reminiscent of honey, why in some places a variety is called a medinichka.

Malta Bagaevsky. One of the best summer varieties of the Saratov and Volgograd regions, highly transportable. The tree has a hemispherical, spreading solid crown. Fruits of medium size, regular plano-round shape. The main color is porcelain-white, with blush and short striped. On the painted side, grayish points are noticeable. Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, sweet and sour, sometimes with redness.

Meintosh. The early winter variety of the central regions of the European part of Russia, ripening in mid-November and lasting more than two months. The tree forms a round, densely leafy crown. Leaves are of medium size, rounded. The fruits are large, uniform in size, flat-rounded, regular. Coloring is light yellow, with a continuous broad banding and blush. The skin is thin, with a pronounced waxy coating and dots. Flesh white,

sometimes with red veins, tender, very juicy, fragrant, sour-sweet, very good quality.

Napoleon. Winter variety that persists until March and even before June. It occurs in the south of the European part of Russia. A tree with a wide-pyramidal crown, a strong, dense layer. The leaves are large, elongated-oval. Fruits of medium size, very regular, as if carved, rounded-conical shape. Coloring is light-lemon with a bright carmine blush on the sunny side. The flesh is pure white, very tender, almost oily, very juicy, sweet-wine taste, aromatic.

Autumn striped( Streifling).Excellent autumn variety;storage season- September, October, partly November. The main standard variety of the north-western and central regions of the European part of Russia. The tree has a round or flat-round crown with strong basic branches, rather densely leafy. The leaves are large, roundish. Fruits are medium and more than average, round-conical, with noticeable ribs, almost without depression at the peduncle. The main color is light yellow, with an almost continuous integument in the form of bright red bands of different length and width. The points are few

visible. Flesh white, sometimes pinkish under the skin, juicy, sour-sweet, spicy and aromatic, dessert taste. Somewhat lowers the taste of fruits thick skin.

Lacquering( Pouring white).Summer variety, widely distributed from the northern regions to the Krasnodar Territory. Ripens in July. The tree is of medium size, with a round-oval, densely leafy crown, quite cold-resistant. The bark of the trunk and the main branches of young trees are characteristic yellowish-green in color( light).The leaves are light green, folded in the form of a boat. Fruits are medium and above average, rounded-conical, with wide ribs. For fruits of this variety is characterized by the presence of a vascular suture, passing along the length of the fruit, from the base to the top. The color of the fruit is one-color, pale yellow, with maturation almost white with clearly noticeable large subcutaneous points. Parmen winter golden( saffron striped).The variety is autumn-winter, ripens in October;fruits last till January-February. The variety is common in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories and other areas with a mild climate. The tree forms a high spherical crown. Leaves are medium to small, ovate. The fruits of the average

are frost-resistant in the central regions of the European part of Russia, in the Pskov and Novgorod regions, to the Ivanovo and northern regions. It develops well in the southern regions. The tree forms a sprawling crown with several drooping branches. The leaves are of medium size, oval. Fruits are of a regular oval-conical shape. The main color is yellow, with a dark stripe and blush almost on the entire surface of the fruit. Flesh is yellowish, dense, wine-sweet, spicy, fragrant.

Renet Bauman. The variety is winter, preserved until March and longer. Distributed in the southern zone of the European part of Russia. The tree forms a densely folded crown. The leaves are medium-sized, ovate. -Fruits are medium and less than average, flat-rounded. The main color is greenish, turning yellow. The integumentary coloration is intensely dark red, extending almost to the entire fetus, the streakiness is not very noticeable. The skin is thin, with a waxy coating. Flesh is yellowish-white, fairly dense, juicy, without strong spice.

Renet bergamot. A winter frost-resistant variety, developed by IV Michurin from the seedling of Antonovka, grafted onto a pear. It stands out in the form of fruits resembling pear berg -

moth. The variety is distributed in the central and northwestern regions of the European part of Russia. The tree is strong, with sparse branches. Fruit formations both at the ends of long shoots, and along the entire length of the branches. Leaves are of medium size, broad, rounded. Fruits of medium size, rounded or rounded-flattened, regular, without ribs. Coloring bright yellow with a bright red blurred blush on the sunny side;on the peel of the spot. The pulp is white, dense, renite, spicy-sweet, oily.

Renet Kursk gold. Winter variety, which persists until February-March. Distributed in the Kursk and Voronezh regions. A tree with a round or pyramidal densely leafy crown. The leaves are large, ovate. The fruits are large, flat-rounded, with 5 broad ribs;coloration light yellow with bright red blush. The pulp is white, friable, juicy, fresh-sweet.

Renate Canadian. Winter variety, preserved until March-April. Occurs in the southern zone of the European part of Russia. Insufficient frost resistance. The tree forms a sprawling vase-like crown with slightly raised branches. The leaves are large, ovate. The fruits are large, up to 10 cm in diameter, flattened, with wide ribs. The color is green, later yellow

, with a crocheting in the form of numerous triangular points and even a complete culling on part of the fetal surface. Sometimes fruits with a bluish blush. Flesh yellowish, with ripening, spicy.

Renet Pisgood. The early winter variety, which lasts until January. Distributed in the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions, and other southern regions of Russia with a mild climate. The tree forms a wide, rather sparse sprawling crown. Early enters into fruiting. The leaves are large, ovate. The fruits are large, oblate, slightly ribbed, sometimes with warty growths. Coloration is golden yellow with a slight blush, and punctuality. The flesh is slightly yellowish, loose, juicy, sweet and sour, of good quality.

Renet Simirenko. Late winter variety of excellent taste, ripening in January and remaining until May and further to a new crop of early varieties. It grows in the Krasnodar Territory and other areas of the European part of Russia. The tree is strong, with a wide-pyramidal, spreading, densely leafy crown. Leaves are of medium size, elongate-ovoid. Fruits are above average and large size, truncated-conical. Color is dark green. Flesh

dense, prickly, fine-grained, renaulted wine-sugar taste, fragrant.

Snowy( Feimez).The Early Winter Variety( October-December consumption season) in the central and northern regions of Russia and autumn in the southern regions. Tall trees are tall, with a round, densely leafy crown. The leaves are of medium size, oval. Fruits are less than medium and medium size, rounded-squeezed regular shape. Coloration yellow, entirely covered with red stripes, merging into a blush. The skin is thin. Pulp is snow-white, sourish-sweet, fragrant.

Chicken flask. Earlyzimny variety, found in the Kursk region. Stored until February. Transportability of fruits is good. Enough frost and yield. The tree is strong, with a flat-rounded rare crown. Leaves large, broadly ovoid. Fruits are above average, regular rounded-conical shape, without ribs. The main color is white-green, with a murky dark red blush, with a little noticeable striped. Flesh white, fine-grained, medium-dense, juicy, sour, taste mediocre.

of the Suislep. Late-summer variety with a delicate pleasant aroma, good dessert taste.

Early in the fruiting season. The yield is average. The tree is quite frost-resistant, the variety has spread in the northern regions of Russia. It is characterized by strong growth and bright green, wide, large foliage. Leaves are round in shape. Fruits of medium size, regular round-conical shape. The main color is slightly yellowish, with intermittent bands and dot marble;most of the fetus is colored. Flesh white with pink veins, fine-grained, tender, good sweet and sour taste, fragrant.

Flava. Winter variety, deduced by IV Michurin, persists until February-March and longer. It was obtained from the pollination of the Chinese apple tree by the pollen of Renet Blenheim. The variety is recommended for the northern regions of Russia. A tree with strong branches. Leaves are of medium size, wide-oval. Fruits of medium size, round-conical, fairly correctly constructed. The color is light, greenish-white to yellow when ripe. The pulp is juicy, dense, sweet-wine.

The scarlet scarlet. Late or autumnal variety, widespread in the Volga region and occasionally found in the northern fruit regions of Russia. A good economic variety,

ripening in August;remains until November. Cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Early engages in fruiting. Disadvantage: prone to scab disease, especially in areas with a humid climate. The tree is short, forms a flat-round, branchy, rarely-branched crown with thin branches. The leaves are large, broadly oval, smooth. The fruits are medium-sized, flat-rounded. Color yellowish, with dark carmine continuous striped, with dots. Pulp is whitish-greenish, firm, juicy, sweet and sour, when ripe, loose.

Ebony. Autumn or late-autumn varieties are found in the Volga region. A tree of moderate growth, with a wide and flat crown. Fruits are less than average, flat-rounded in regular shape, without ribs. Coloration yellow-vat-green, with prominent large light points, sometimes with light striped and blush. Pulp is greenish-white, renite, wine-sweet.

Saffron-Chinese. Winter variety, which persists until March. Inferred I.V.Michurin from crossing the rents of the Orleans and Chinese apple trees. It grows in the central regions of the European part of Russia. A tree of medium height, with

a sprawling crown. The leaves are of medium size, oval. Fruits are flattened, regular in shape, without ribs. The coloration is yellow, with a dark striped and mottled on the sunny side, similar to the coloration of the Renaissance of the Orleans. Flesh white, loose, wine-sweet, fragrant.

Yandykovsky. The earliest summer variety of the southern regions of Russia. In the Astrakhan region ripens in mid-July and is valued as the earliest apple. It is characterized by a number of positive signs, of which the main are unpretentiousness to soils, drought resistance, high yields, early inauguration of fruiting. A feature of this variety is the ability to reproduce by root offspring. Fruits have a snow-white, friable, fragrant, juicy, sweet flesh in general good taste. It is consumed fresh.