Papillary kidney cancer: how and why pathology develops

Papillary kidney cancer is a malignant kidney tumor that develops from transient epithelial tissue in the pelvis to the kidney and is approximately 165 from all tumors of the upper urinary tract.

This disease is considered polyethological. Simultaneously with hematogenous and lymphogenous metastases, it can produce implantation metastases in the bladder or ureter. For this reason, with the development of papillary oncology of the renal pelvis, the main method of treatment is nephrureterectomy.

Genetics and heredity play an important role in the development of the disease. In addition, the risk of developing the disease increases with uncontrolled intake of analgesics, diuretics, exposure to radiation, abuse of smoking and alcoholic beverages.

Adverse factors contributing to the formation of transformation in epithelial cells include arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, excess weight, prolonged hemodialysis. Papillary cancer in the kidney at the first stages of development is considered a benign lesion, but later becomes aggressive. Metastases mainly penetrate into the lower parts of the urinary canals.

Manifestations with tumor development in the pelvis

Practically in 25% of patients the disease proceeds without symptoms. But in most cases hematuria develops. In a third of cases, hematuria is accompanied by aching pain in the lumbar region. Blockage of the ureter with a blood clot can trigger kidney colic. Only 10% of cases develop classic symptoms. Namely - pain, hematuria and palpation of the tumor in the abdominal cavity.

This is important! Usually the aggregate of the listed symptoms testifies to unfavorable prognosis of treatment. Subsequently, there is a decrease in body weight, a strong weakness of the body, an increase in blood pressure and body temperature, anemia.

How diagnostics of pathology

is carried out At the time of the implementation of diagnostic measures, a quarter of patients have already formed metastases in lymph nodes and in organs far from the kidney. Mostly affected lungs, pleura, liver, bones, brain.

Differential diagnosis is performed with kidney inflammation, kidney tuberculosis. To diagnose the presence of a tumor, apply:

1. Cytological screening is required to detect the presence of atypical cells.
2. Ultrasound diagnosis is an informative method that is simply indispensable for detecting metastases.
3. Urography - allows you to establish a change in the shape of the kidney, its deformity and violation of filling.
4. MRI, computed tomography - helps to obtain three-dimensional images of the damaged organ and reduce radiation.
5. Angiography - makes it possible to accurately identify the location of the tumor.
6. Ultrasound - helps to establish the depth of tumor invasion in the layers of the renal pelvis.
7. Urethroscopy and cystoscopy are required to exclude the presence of implantation metastases in the ureter and in the bladder. If necessary, a biopsy is performed-that is, taking tissue samples for histological examination.

How treatment is carried out to confirm the diagnosis of oncology

The only effective method of treating pathology is nephrectomy, which involves the removal of a damaged organ, pericobacterial fat and regional lymph nodes.

This is important! In order to achieve greater effect from the treatment, embolization of the artery of the kidney is organized before the surgery. Because of the low sensitivity of tumor cells, radiation therapy is used only in the case of penetration of bone metastases. Chemotherapy is required only with contraindications to the surgical procedure.

Survival of patients for five years with non-invasive tumors is about 90%.With the development of metastases or when the operation can not be performed, the predictions are poor and the survival rate does not exceed three years.

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