The effect of massage on the cardiovascular system
Muscle capillaries have independent contractility due to the so-called Ruge cells located in their walls. Cutting and swelling, Rouget cells can change the lumen of the capillaries, so that the capillaries can either fully expand, or narrow and close. The expansion of capillaries occurs as a result of exposure to Rugee cells of chemical products of the decomposition of energy substances. The impetus to the disintegration of the energy substances contained in the muscle is its excitation caused by the mechanical action of the massage and, in particular, by deep mashing exercises. The state of vascular walls is affected by other chemicals contained in the blood( adrenaline, norepinephrine, lactic acid, adenosine triphosphate).All this complex complex of processes affecting the circulation in the capillaries and vessels is coordinated by the central nervous system, which regulates not only the magnitude of the lumen of the vessels, but also the permeability of the walls of the capillaries, changing the exchange between blood and tissues( see scheme 3).
The bloodstream in the venous part is wider than in the arterial part, which leads to a slowing of the blood flow( according to the laws of hemodynamics).The movement of blood in the veins occurs primarily due to the difference in blood pressure in small and large veins, that is, at the beginning and end of the venous system. This difference, however, is small, and therefore the blood flow in the veins is determined by a number of additional factors. One of them is that the endothelium of the veins( with the exception of the hollow veins, the portal portal vein system and small venules) forms valves that pass blood only towards the heart. Any force, squeezing the veins, cause the movement of blood, the blood will not go back because of the presence of valves.
When applying massage techniques, especially grinding and kneading, the walls of veins and muscles are squeezed. This allows, on the one hand, to increase the pressure at the beginning of the venous system, thereby accelerating the progression of blood to the heart, and on the other - to cause movement of blood due to compression of the veins massaged by the muscles. All this facilitates the pumping function of the heart and reduces the burden on the myocardium.
Diagram 3. Effect of massage on the cardiovascular system.