Features and main indications for auscultation of the lungs in children
Auscultation of the lungs in children as a method of research makes it possible to find sounds arising during breathing. Also, using this method of research, the doctor has the opportunity to assess the strength and nature of the phenomena. In addition, the auscultation of the lungs in children determines the attitude to the respiratory phases and the localization of sound phenomena.
General information
With regard to the stomach, this method helps the specialist to determine how intensively the food is digested, and also whether there is air in the digestive tract.
Preparing for the
study There are several specific methods for conducting auscultation of the lungs in children. Usually the specialist performs the following manipulations:
- Prepares special equipment( stethoscope), equipped with a delicate surface of the plate.
- Accurately heats the plate to the temperature of the skin of the subject.
- Moves the baby to a lying position.
How is the
study conducted? The auscultation of the lungs in children is carried out as follows:
- the specialist listens to the entire surface of the organs being examined, starting from the back of the child;
- further explores the area of apical respiration( at sites slightly above the clavicles);
- then follows the auscultation of the "engine" of a person.
At the age of twelve months during listening to the lungs, the specialist clearly hears breaths and exhalations.
A little later, such breathing is considered tough and is a symptom of bronchitis. Also rattles are heard and absence of breath is determined in this or that part of the actual organs.
The value of the
method The auscultation of the lungs in children is considered an indicative listening. Thanks to this method, a specialist is able to obtain up-to-date information on the state of the organ as a whole. Deviations from the norm are also determined.
After the specialist has completed the comparative audition, he must carefully listen to the zones where the sound anomalies were detected.
This method requires first to identify the nature of the key respiratory noise, and after - the presence of additional sound phenomena. After this, the doctor begins to listen to the voice characteristics of the subject.
The main respiratory noises
Two kinds of respiration are subject to investigation:
- Physiological bronchial.
- Vesicular.
The peculiarities of vesicular breathing include soft noise, similar to sound, when a person quietly says the letter "F".Also, a specialist should listen to this kind of breathing until the inspiration period is replaced by a phase( 1/3) of exhalation.
The "inhalation" phase is characterized by brightness of sound and longitude. Exhalation, on the contrary, is quite quiet and short.
This kind of breathing is well audible on the front surface of the chest. The actual zone is slightly below the scapular angles, in the middle part of the axillary areas. Vesicular respiration is defined rather weakly in the apex zone and in the back of the scapula. This is explained by the fact that on this site the layer of the lungs is distinguished by its fineness.
In a large number of subjects, this type of breathing is louder on the left side.
The right side breathes out more clearly. This is explained by the best performance on the key bronchus of the right side of laryngeal breathing.
Side noise
To abnormal sound phenomena should be attributed:
- The sound of friction of the pleura( exhalation and inhalation are similar to the crunch of snow).
- Crepitation( when breathing, a slight crackling is heard).
In the latter case, one can speak of the presence of abnormal condition of the pleural sheets, which become rough. The very sound of pleural friction is similar to damp, small bubbling rales and crepitations.
Auscultation of the lungs in children is considered the safest method of investigation. You can conduct it from any age.
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