Differences, features of data collection and the main problems of a psychological anamnesis
Psychological history, which is a collection of data on the client, was initially widely used in medical psychology. This type of information is divided into subjective, when a specialist works exclusively with the patient himself, and objective, when information comes from his environment.
General data
Today the concept of a psychological history has become much broader. Having freed from the narrow framework of medical psychology, a psychological history is synonymous with the individual development of the personality and its characteristics.
Specialist, collecting information and analyzing the data, has the opportunity to correctly answer the question what exactly triggered a violation in development.
In addition, anamnesis in psychology presupposes the availability of information on the hypothetical capabilities of the patient, about what he is interested in and what he is striving for. Thanks to the data obtained, the specialist has the opportunity to put forward hypotheses and to seek ways to correct the pathological situation.
Working with a child
According to Vygotsky, an anamnesis in psychology is a process of development of a young patient who is the key source of individualization.
Features of the work
For drawing up a sample of a psychological history of a young client, the specialist should pay attention to:
- identifying key mechanisms affecting the identity of the young client;
- communication of early childhood incidents with current developmental features;
- specifics of development in each of the age periods.
This psychological study is exploited in a very broad sense. For this reason, a specialist should not focus on the negative features of the personality of the researcher.
Existing difficulties
When creating an example of a psychological history, a specialist often faces some difficulties. The most significant are:
- It's not always possible to make a real picture according to the data received from the parents.
- Information on the reaction of the researcher to a particular change is quite problematic.
- The specialist rarely has the opportunity to separate real facts about the life and development of the child from parental interpretations.
Differences in the psychological history of
Anamnesis in psychology has several significant differences from the medical history of the disease. This type of research pursues the following objectives:
- revealing the relationship of a person to one's own personality;
- revealing the relationship of a person to illness;
- revealing how the disease affected the life of the client.
Anamnesis in medicine, collected from the patient's complaints, reveals only the factors that triggered the progression of a particular disease.
There is also a psychiatric history that is used to identify mental pathologies. The main symptoms can be detected by personal contact with a patient who is in a psychotic state.
Both topical types of research have many similar external features.
The scheme of the psychological anamnesis is almost similar to the scheme of medical research. However, the operation of the data obtained is significantly different.
Psychologists, in addition to anamnesis of life, distinguish the anamnesis of the disease. In this case, consideration is given to how the patient relates to what surrounds him and presents information about his illness to the doctor. Based on the data obtained, the expert draws a conclusion regarding the identity of the client.
How data is collected
An example of a psychological history should comply with all existing rules of integrative assessment. It is the most important aspect of constructing a specific hypothesis in psychological science. In addition, thanks to a whole "storehouse" of objective data on the personality of the researched person, the specialist has the opportunity to identify key factors that provoke the development of a disease.
Specialists in the field of psychology note that the key to objective data is a dynamic approach. To obtain reliable information it is extremely important to pay enough attention to the implementation of its principle.
Data collection is often based on information obtained through medical research.
But it is important to remember that this research is quite specific, and on the relevant topics and questions the conversation of a specialist psychologist and his adult or young client is based.
To help psychologists
If the medical history is worked out in detail and thoroughly, then the work of a specialist in the field of psychology will be greatly facilitated. This is due to the fact that in this case the specialist can not waste time asking the questions that have already been passed and processed.
In this case, the specialist should only clarify the more narrow issues, which will make it possible to turn a medical history into a psychological study.
Often, psychologists working in kindergartens( public or private), schools and other educational institutions, and providing psychological, pedagogical and social assistance to children and adolescents constitute a real anchor of salvation. This is explained by the fact that the parents of "complex" schoolchildren who have mental disorders in one way or another primarily seek help and support from them.
If this occurs, the specialist will undertake an assessment of the entire history of the development of the young patient. Particular attention is paid to the way the fetus developed inside the mother's womb.
Conclusion
Some time ago only specialists in the field of medicine were able to correctly evaluate and analyze the data.
Today, psychologists have received a higher qualification, which allows them to collect a psychological anamnesis. This is considered a clear indicator that the specialist is a true professional in his activities. In particular, this applies to professionals working with schoolchildren with unstable psyche, or with those children who have been exposed to a particular psychological illness.
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