What tests for kidney cancer are required to identify the disease and treatment
Oncology of the kidney in a histological sense implies the unification of various variants of non-plastic transformation of the parenchyma, which is of a malignant nature. Diagnosis involves a thorough examination of the organs of the urinary system, as well as tests for kidney cancer.
Causes of development and development of pathology
According to modern medicine, a large number of factors influence on kidney damage. Often, patients are identified a certain type of mutation in the body, in addition, it has already been proven that the disease can be transmitted by inheritance.
The main cause of malignancy in the body of a malignant tumor is the inferiority of immune antitumor protection.
Abuse of fatty foods, smoking, uncontrolled use of analgesics, diuretics and hormonal medications markedly increase the risk of kidney cancer. Chronic kidney failure, frequent and prolonged hemodialysis, kidney cysts, nephrosclerosis can also lead to the development of the disease.
This is important! Oncology is provoked by exposure to harmful chemical compounds, radiation. Cancer can form after anterior organ trauma.
Symptoms and manifestations of pathology
In the early stages of oncology may not manifest itself. Identify the development of the tumor can be completely random or when there are indirect symptoms. As the growth of the neoplasm the symptoms become more and more vivid.
The main signs are the following: blood in the urine, a tumor in the lumbar region that gropes during the process of palpation, sudden weight loss, weakness of the body, unforeseen temperature rise to high indices, increased blood pressure, anemia and kidney pain.
Organization of laboratory research
For the diagnosis of kidney cancer, one or more studies are performed to confirm the development of the tumor.
- Chemical analysis of blood - with hematuria detected in half of all victims in a small volume, which is invisible to the naked eye.
- A general blood test is performed for the diagnosis of a tumor and consists in the implementation of a microscopic examination.
- Cystoscopy - is performed to accurately determine the cause of the presence of blood in the urine and the location of internal bleeding.
- Puncture biopsy is the only method of laboratory diagnosis that helps to determine the nature of the tumor in time. When it is carried out, there is a risk of getting complications, such as bleeding, infection, spreading of oncology to the place where the needle is inserted. Doctors rarely and in extreme cases perform a puncture biopsy in kidney cancer because of the high risk of bleeding and other no less serious complications.
- Endoscopic diagnostics - is realized with some types of kidney cancer, for example, with tumors of the renal pelvis.
How treatment is realized after diagnosing the pathology of
The choice of method of treatment will depend on the stage of progression of the oncology of the kidney, the presence of metastases and other important components. Most often, doctors use surgical operations, and it is prescribed to carry out it even with the development of metastases, because this helps significantly prolong the life of a person.
This is important! In the early stages of kidney cancer, the symptomatology of which is practically absent or very weak, can be treated with organ-preserving surgeries, but even in such a situation, a prerequisite is the extraction of blood clots and the removal of regional lymph nodes, thus eliminating metastasis.
In the late stages of the disease, as a rule, nephrectomy is performed - removal of the organ, even with the germination of tumorous neoplasm in nearby organs. Laparoscopic nephrectomy can also be used. Which makes it possible to achieve a more precise cut of the kidney, helping to reduce the duration of the postoperative recovery period, but it is required that the medical facility has special equipment and high-quality training of personnel.
Radiation treatment, hormone treatment and chemotherapy in the treatment of oncology is almost not applied, because they remain ineffective.
The prognosis for the development of the disease will depend on the stage of the tumor process, as well as on the degree of differentiation of the tumor cells. When the veins are affected by the metastases of the kidney, the predictions become unfavorable.
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