Hematoma: symptoms, photos, causes, classification, diagnosis
What is it - hematoma is the concentration of coagulated blood, differing in the liquid consistency that develops inside the human body, usually arises from a deliberate impact. As a result, the vessels are ruptured and the blood stain is in place of a strong contusion.
Hematomas are classified into large, small, as well as squeezing the soft tissue organs that are near. The disease spreads under the skin, or mucous membranes, as well as directly in the muscles, walls of internal organs and the brain.
If you have a small hematoma, then soon it will resolve itself, without outside interference. Hematomas, which take on a large scale, are characterized by the presence of scar tissue. In addition, bruises affect the activity of those organs that are located nearby, suppurating.
Intracranial hematomas are especially dangerous. They provoke compression of the brain, which causes death of the patient. As a rule, treatment is surgically done, but conservative therapy is also possible.
The most common cause of hematoma is post-traumatic bleeding that occurs inside the body. This problem arises from impact, severe compression, as well as numerous bruises and pinching of the skin.
However, there are exceptions here too - subarachnoid hemorrhage. Such deformation of soft tissues can occur not only because of severe trauma, but also due to nontraumatic stretching of the unchanged vessel.
Hematomas also develop due to various diseases of internal organs. An invariable example of this pathology was the Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
The main factors that cause the development and volume of hematomas include imbalance of vascular permeability, as well as excessive fragility of the vessel wall and poor blood coagulation. The possibility of infection, as well as suppuration of the hematoma, increases several fold if the body is depleted of defenses due to exhaustion, congenital pathologies, age close to retirement, and immune system disorders
.
The compulsory need to contact the appropriate authorities is determined by the increased accumulation of blood in the bodies that are responsible for the activities of vital organs. Thus, a severe brain contusion can provoke disability or lead to death.
The very first symptoms of a severe bruise manifest themselves in most cases immediately after injury. Pay attention to the fact that in the zone of bruising with a slight pressure it becomes painful, and after a while the affected area begins to swell - this factor directly affects the optimal functioning of the limbs.
After the appearance of edema, the place of hemorrhage begins to rapidly blush. In addition, the patient feels the tension that is inside the bruise( impact).
The hematoma differs in hardness and can have very different colors - from violet to bright red. As a rule, it is not homogeneous - the edges differ in a darker color range, but the bruise itself is red. Obviously diagnosed symptoms that are unique to the hematoma:
In the area of impact, a strong swelling, which is characterized by severe pain, will soon form. In this case, it is characterized by density. The skin acquires a red tint and "heats up".After 10 minutes it becomes crimson - blue.
After 3-4 days, the bruise begins to change color to yellow, after 5-6 days - to green. Such a factor occurs as a result of the splitting of hemoglobin in the blood, which is poured out beneath the skin. Experienced experts establish the prescription of the bruise precisely by its color. In accordance with the position of the body, the trauma can "crawl" under the influence of gravity for several days.
If bruises of internal organs are found, the main symptoms in this case are squeezing, as well as the dysfunction of all organs. In the event that the doctor diagnosed a brain injury, the clinical picture is as follows: frequent headaches, unreasonable dizziness, vomiting and nausea, which do not alleviate the patient's condition, impaired speech and coordination of movement, consciousness. This symptomatology depends on the affected area, as well as the scale of the process.
If the injury has occurred in the area of the muscles, then there is a failure of functionality, as well as a discoloration of the skin in accordance with the degree of injury. Gradually, the body temperature increases in the area where hematoma is noted.
Arterial - includes arterial blood and is distinguished by a bright red tint.
Venous bruises , as a rule, are formed due to deformation of the integrity of veins. They acquire a blue - violet hue and are distinguished by hardness and lack of mobility. In medicine, there are often bruises of a mixed type - when the hematoma contains arterial and venous blood.
Subcutaneous hematoma is formed under the upper layers of the skin and resembles a bruise. As a rule, it occurs due to various injuries or as a result of very serious diseases: syphilis, lupus erythematosus, and tuberculosis. A mild hematoma occurs 24 hours later and does not exert pressure on the injured organ.
A moderate degree of bruising manifests itself a few hours after the stroke. In addition, near the damaged area there is a strong edema and there may be dysfunction of the damaged organ. Serious injury provokes the appearance of a hematoma of a more severe stage. In this case, the hemorrhage becomes noticeable after 1.5 hours after the acquisition of the injury. The danger of getting such a hematoma is that it can disrupt the activity of all limbs. Thus, in order to prevent pathology and serious consequences, it is necessary immediately to contact an experienced specialist who, after a full-fledged examination, will prescribe the optimal treatment.
Intramuscular hematoma is formed due to the accumulation of blood in the muscles. Strong pain is felt in the deformation zone, while the muscles lose their original functions. In this case, you need to see a doctor, so that he can prescribe a quick treatment with a subsequent surgical intervention. Intracranial bruises are classified into epidural, subdural, intracerebral and intraventricular. Epidural bruises are formed due to the accumulation of blood between the bone of the cerebral membrane and the skull. Such types of hematomas often appear in the zone of the temple due to a strong impact.
Epidural hematoma differs in that it compresses the brain. Such a factor provokes short-term or long-term loss of consciousness, as well as increased headaches, weakness and vomiting. In the event that the hematoma differs in scale, the patient may fall into a long-term coma. Such a hematoma is eliminated by surgical intervention.
Subdural hematomas. They are formed due to the accumulation of blood, formed between the medullary membranes, as well as a cobweb. The site of the injury accumulates blood from the veins. That's why doctors often call this type of bruise a venous hematoma. Subdural bruises can also occur in pairs. This type of hematoma has a smaller area in comparison with epidural. Symptoms start to manifest themselves within a few days. Therapy is carried out by the operative method.
Treatment of a hematoma can not be delayed, and it is better to trust an experienced specialist who will cope with the task in 2 accounts.
Hematomas are classified into large, small, as well as squeezing the soft tissue organs that are near. The disease spreads under the skin, or mucous membranes, as well as directly in the muscles, walls of internal organs and the brain.
If you have a small hematoma, then soon it will resolve itself, without outside interference. Hematomas, which take on a large scale, are characterized by the presence of scar tissue. In addition, bruises affect the activity of those organs that are located nearby, suppurating.
Intracranial hematomas are especially dangerous. They provoke compression of the brain, which causes death of the patient. As a rule, treatment is surgically done, but conservative therapy is also possible.
Causes of hematomas
The most common cause of hematoma is post-traumatic bleeding that occurs inside the body. This problem arises from impact, severe compression, as well as numerous bruises and pinching of the skin.
However, there are exceptions here too - subarachnoid hemorrhage. Such deformation of soft tissues can occur not only because of severe trauma, but also due to nontraumatic stretching of the unchanged vessel.
Hematomas also develop due to various diseases of internal organs. An invariable example of this pathology was the Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
The main factors that cause the development and volume of hematomas include imbalance of vascular permeability, as well as excessive fragility of the vessel wall and poor blood coagulation. The possibility of infection, as well as suppuration of the hematoma, increases several fold if the body is depleted of defenses due to exhaustion, congenital pathologies, age close to retirement, and immune system disorders
.
The compulsory need to contact the appropriate authorities is determined by the increased accumulation of blood in the bodies that are responsible for the activities of vital organs. Thus, a severe brain contusion can provoke disability or lead to death.
Symptoms of hematoma
The very first symptoms of a severe bruise manifest themselves in most cases immediately after injury. Pay attention to the fact that in the zone of bruising with a slight pressure it becomes painful, and after a while the affected area begins to swell - this factor directly affects the optimal functioning of the limbs.
After the appearance of edema, the place of hemorrhage begins to rapidly blush. In addition, the patient feels the tension that is inside the bruise( impact).
The hematoma differs in hardness and can have very different colors - from violet to bright red. As a rule, it is not homogeneous - the edges differ in a darker color range, but the bruise itself is red. Obviously diagnosed symptoms that are unique to the hematoma:
- soreness
- presence of swelling in the area of injury
- change in the shade of the skin
- internal hematomas are characterized by symptoms such as squeezing of internal organs.
Symptoms of hematoma
In the area of impact, a strong swelling, which is characterized by severe pain, will soon form. In this case, it is characterized by density. The skin acquires a red tint and "heats up".After 10 minutes it becomes crimson - blue.
After 3-4 days, the bruise begins to change color to yellow, after 5-6 days - to green. Such a factor occurs as a result of the splitting of hemoglobin in the blood, which is poured out beneath the skin. Experienced experts establish the prescription of the bruise precisely by its color. In accordance with the position of the body, the trauma can "crawl" under the influence of gravity for several days.
If bruises of internal organs are found, the main symptoms in this case are squeezing, as well as the dysfunction of all organs. In the event that the doctor diagnosed a brain injury, the clinical picture is as follows: frequent headaches, unreasonable dizziness, vomiting and nausea, which do not alleviate the patient's condition, impaired speech and coordination of movement, consciousness. This symptomatology depends on the affected area, as well as the scale of the process.
If the injury has occurred in the area of the muscles, then there is a failure of functionality, as well as a discoloration of the skin in accordance with the degree of injury. Gradually, the body temperature increases in the area where hematoma is noted.
Classification of
Arterial - includes arterial blood and is distinguished by a bright red tint.
Venous bruises , as a rule, are formed due to deformation of the integrity of veins. They acquire a blue - violet hue and are distinguished by hardness and lack of mobility. In medicine, there are often bruises of a mixed type - when the hematoma contains arterial and venous blood.
Subcutaneous hematoma is formed under the upper layers of the skin and resembles a bruise. As a rule, it occurs due to various injuries or as a result of very serious diseases: syphilis, lupus erythematosus, and tuberculosis. A mild hematoma occurs 24 hours later and does not exert pressure on the injured organ.
A moderate degree of bruising manifests itself a few hours after the stroke. In addition, near the damaged area there is a strong edema and there may be dysfunction of the damaged organ. Serious injury provokes the appearance of a hematoma of a more severe stage. In this case, the hemorrhage becomes noticeable after 1.5 hours after the acquisition of the injury. The danger of getting such a hematoma is that it can disrupt the activity of all limbs. Thus, in order to prevent pathology and serious consequences, it is necessary immediately to contact an experienced specialist who, after a full-fledged examination, will prescribe the optimal treatment.
Intramuscular hematoma is formed due to the accumulation of blood in the muscles. Strong pain is felt in the deformation zone, while the muscles lose their original functions. In this case, you need to see a doctor, so that he can prescribe a quick treatment with a subsequent surgical intervention. Intracranial bruises are classified into epidural, subdural, intracerebral and intraventricular. Epidural bruises are formed due to the accumulation of blood between the bone of the cerebral membrane and the skull. Such types of hematomas often appear in the zone of the temple due to a strong impact.
Epidural hematoma differs in that it compresses the brain. Such a factor provokes short-term or long-term loss of consciousness, as well as increased headaches, weakness and vomiting. In the event that the hematoma differs in scale, the patient may fall into a long-term coma. Such a hematoma is eliminated by surgical intervention.
Subdural hematomas. They are formed due to the accumulation of blood, formed between the medullary membranes, as well as a cobweb. The site of the injury accumulates blood from the veins. That's why doctors often call this type of bruise a venous hematoma. Subdural bruises can also occur in pairs. This type of hematoma has a smaller area in comparison with epidural. Symptoms start to manifest themselves within a few days. Therapy is carried out by the operative method.
Treatment of a hematoma can not be delayed, and it is better to trust an experienced specialist who will cope with the task in 2 accounts.