Preparation of seeds for sowing

Improve the quality of seeds, and therefore, increase the yield can be by preparing the seeds for sowing.

There are many ways to prepare this. All of them are aimed at obtaining amicable shoots of healthy plants, which determine high yields of vegetables. Some diseases are transmitted through the seeds of vegetable crops, therefore, disinfection, or etching, seeds is performed. To do this, warmed seeds of cucumbers and tomatoes for 20 minutes lowered in 1% - solution of potassium permanganate( 1 g of preparation per 100 g of water), after which they are thoroughly washed in pure water. In the same way it is recommended to prepare seeds of a pumpkin, zucchini, and squash. You can use another solution: 10 g of manganese, 2 g of boric acid, 1 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of water. In it, the seeds are kept for 15 minutes. The tomato seeds are then washed in clean water. Seeds of tomatoes can also be processed in non-diluted aloe juice.

For the emergence of amicable and rapid shoots,

is used to heat the seeds. Most often do this for pumpkin crops. When heated naturally in the sun, they are sprinkled with a thin( 2-3 cm) layer on the tarpaulin and mixed several times during the day. It is possible to conduct warming up of seeds in an oven, having scattered them a thin layer on a baking sheet on the laid fabric, within 3 hours at temperature 60-70 ° С.Seeds of cucumber can be heated by hanging them in a gauze pouch near the battery. Do this for a month and a half before planting at a temperature in the room no lower than 20 ° C.Particularly desirable is the warming up of the seeds of the cucumber harvest of the previous year.

Repeat seeds are heated in a tightly closed jar submerged in hot water( 50-52 ° C) for 20-30 minutes.

Cabbage seeds can be heated in hot( 48-50 ° C) water, carrots - at a temperature of 52-53 ° C.

Beet seeds are useful for heating for 2-4 days, scattering them on paper near central heating batteries, periodically mixing.

To accelerate the emergence of friendly shoots, is used to soak seeds in clean water so that their shell is softened and swollen and the seeding of the germ is facilitated. For soaking in clay or enamel ware pour seeds and pour water so that its volume is 5 times the volume of seeds. Water should be changed 2 times a day.

Soaking accelerates the process of seed germination, since inhibitory substances inhibiting growth are released from the seed coat with water.

Seeds of carrots, tomatoes, onions, parsley, beets are kept in water for up to 2 days, cabbage, peas, radish, cucumber, zucchini, salad - 10-12 hours. During this time, the seeds should only swell, after which they are either sown or germinated. Wet or swollen seeds should be sown only in moist soil, otherwise they may die.

Seeds can be soaked in gauze pouches, filling them with seeds by half and lowering them into the water. It should be remembered that with this method of soaking the seeds must be mixed, so that they are evenly soaked in moisture.

Soaking accelerates the emergence of shoots in a number of crops for 3-5 days compared to seeding with dry seeds.

Seed germination is also a very effective method for their presowing preparation, which significantly accelerates the emergence of seedlings and the production of an earlier crop. The most common way of germinating seeds, used in determining their germination. Another proven method is the germination of seeds in a box with sawdust between layers of tissue with regular watering. To do this, a small wooden box 5-7 cm in height is half filled with wet sawdust, a cloth is spread over them, a seed is poured over them, a different layer of fabric is applied to them and periodically watered at a temperature of 18-20 ° C until the seeds are pecked. Lightly dried germinated seeds should be sown in moist soil, otherwise they may die without letting shoots.

To increase the cold resistance and obtain an early harvest of cucumbers and tomatoes, is used for the hardening of seeds. Do this as follows. After preliminary preparation, the seeds are placed in scalded sawdust or sand at a temperature of 20-25 ° C until full swelling and single naklevyvaniya( seeds of cucumbers in such conditions withstand a day, tomato seeds - 3 days).After that, tomato seeds are kept for 3 days in the refrigerator at a temperature of 1-3 ° C.Seeds of cucumbers with low germination can be hardened for 6 hours at a temperature of 18-20 ° C or 18 hours at 0-2 ° C.This treatment is carried out for 5-7 days. Seeds after hardening can be sown a few days earlier.

Seeds of pumpkin cultures are quenched at varying temperatures. Northern varieties are allowed to swell for 6 hours at a temperature of 18-20 ° C and 18 hours at 0-2 ° C for 5 days or at a constant temperature of 0-2 ° C for 2 days. Seeds of southern varieties are quenched with variable plus temperatures: 6 hours at 18-20 ° С and 18 hours at 2-5 ° С for no more than 5 days. When hardening, shoots of sprouts should not be allowed to grow.

You can harvest carrots, onions, parsley and beets 10-15 days earlier than usual by seed cooling. For this purpose, 2 weeks before sowing, the seeds are soaked in water( the amount of water should be equal to the dry weight of the seeds), put in a room at a temperature of 15-22 ° C and mix after 4 hours( when the seeds are sprayed with water).When 5 % seeds come on, they are brought to the sowing site in a glacier, buried in snow or left in the refrigerator, where the temperature should be 0 ° C, stirring every 2-3 days. Before sowing, the seeds are slightly dried for good flowability. Also useful is seed treatment with microelements. For example, seeds of cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, beets, celery and onions can be treated with a solution of boric acid( 2 g per 10 liters of water) or in a solution of the same concentration of copper sulfate. To prepare the solution, water is taken at a temperature of 40-45 ° C.Seeds of cucumbers stand 12 hours, the rest of cultures - 24 hours. You can use for this wood ash: 1 liter of warm water take 2 tbsp.l.ashes, insist this solution, stirring occasionally. In it after filtering in a gauze pouch for 6 hours immerse the seeds of carrots and onions, and seeds of other cultures - for 3 hours.