From twelve to fifteen months: big steps

Get ready. The show with walking is about to begin. But although by the age of fifteen months, most children can walk fifteen meters, some are just beginning to make their first steps. Some children go everywhere, and others will go through half the room and again go down on all fours, especially if they hurry to a toy or quickly pursue a cat. Any option is "normal" for this age.

The child walks more confidently and longer

The child's first attempts to walk are aptly compared to the gait of a "drunken sailor".The child swaying and tottering, zigzagging and losing-

Now the child can move from a sitting position to a standing position through a squat position.

does not balance, it falls like a duck, falls, and then creeps and rises again to repeat everything. See how the child holds his arms, legs and torso to keep his balance, and how he tries to walk in a straight line. When the baby is hobbling around the room, pay attention to the fact that he keeps his body tilted slightly forward, throws his hands forward and goes to the waddle with his legs spread out widely. When a child practices in these first steps a month or two, he will move from popping on widely spaced legs with stiff knees to a more rhythmic gait with bending his knees and rolling from heel to toe on more closely set legs and eventually will march well.

Maneuver "I'll get up and go." Two

main maneuvers help the child at this age to return faster to a standing position. Previously, when the child wanted to move from crawling to walking, he needed to first stand up, pulling up the furniture or on the wall. Now the child can just get up from the fours, without any pull-up. Watch how your child squats from a position on all fours, after which he gets up and goes. The kid sits with his toys, and then suddenly decides to walk around the house. First, it assumes the position of a bear( on the palms and soles of the feet).Then, using his feet as a fulcrum, the child transfers the weight of his ass back and lifts the trunk, coming to a position on his haunches. Then he straightens his torso, standing upright, and rushes on his way. At first, this maneuver is carried out abruptly, but gradually acquires smoothness. This is the basic motor skill that takes the child from a sitting position to a standing position for most of the second year of life and which the kid uses to return to standing position after the fall.

Entertaining tricks. When a child has learned to deftly walk forward, backward and round, he begins to use his ability to walk to entertain an enthusiastic audience. On his face appears a cunning kind, and he begins his tricks. Favorite game - in the helicopter, when the child draws circles with arms outstretched in the sides and eventually falls, because he felt dizzy. Another favorite game is to look out from under your feet. Standing on all fours like a bear, the child discovers that he can look between his widely spaced legs and see the world in an upside down form. He lingers for a while in this position, as if saying: "Um, but here everything is different", after which he ascends and goes forward.

Walking and playing

As with all skills, perfection causes delight. The child enjoys walking around the house, holding a toy in his hand, such as a foam ball. Go under the table, which almost touches his head, is another favorite maneuver. When the ability to keep the balance even better develops, the child likes to bend over to pick up the toy with one hand, while simultaneously pulling out the second hand to keep the balance.

At this stage, children still like to go with support. Here's a fun game: stand facing the child, holding a foam ball in your hands, and ask the child to take it too. Begin to step back and the child will go to you. Go faster and faster and you will see that the happy kid laughs, trying to catch up with you.

Toys for children who started walking. Toys such as "tanya-tol-kai" - among those that top the list of favorite toys of children from one year to two. Look at how the child mows the grass, the seed behind its toy lawn mower, or makes purchases, pushing the cart ahead of him. Wagons are also interesting for children of this age. Now the child can sit on a gurney, spreading his legs in different directions, and keep the balance while moving on wheels during the

several meters. Since the child is not yet able to keep a good balance on these mini-bikes, parents should not allow the child to ride on hard surfaces, such as concrete. In addition, you should check that the toy has a wide base and a low seat.

Game shelves. Children with a calm character, even at this age, can stand with pleasure and play with toys arranged on shelves. But impulsive children can stand and throw all the toys that they can grab, and may not be ready for order among the toys and to order in the game for many more months. If you put the toys on shelves about 30-45 cm high from the floor, the child can hook to his own shelf and learn how to get objects from it and put them on it. He can choose a toy and rely on the rack while he looks at the toy. This gives his games a complete and completely new perspective. Be prepared for the fact that sometimes a child with a quick movement of his hand will sweep everything off the shelf.

A small assistant of parents.

To your surprise, the favorite playroom for the kid can be a kitchen where he has the opportunity to apply his new skills to "help" mom and dad. The gaming activity resulting from the child's development of standing skills is the unloading of the dishwasher. When the car door is open, the baby is pulled into a standing position and comes to a special delight if he manages to get to the box with the instruments. Since cutlery is very attractive to kids, sharp knives and other dangerous cutlery should be kept out of the reach of the child, and, of course, you should look after his "work practices".

Walking together. Kids at this age still like to walk between parents, holding them with both hands, or next to one of the parents, holding one hand. With the support of parents, children are especially fond of going up and down the stairs, since the majority of this age does not yet know how to climb the stairs alone.

Association of adventurers. Take a study tour around the house, holding the baby in one or both hands. Moving from one room to another, show the young tester how to use various furniture objects( only those that the child of this age can safely climb) and other interesting objects that are at his height without risk.

Developing hand mechanics for games and self-service

In addition to being able to move around, the rapidly developing familiarity with parts of your body and the ways in which it is used leads to the development of self-service skills.

The child uses the

tools. A favorite self-service activity is the use of tools, especially familiar home "tools", as the child is accustomed to seeing you using them and now wants to imitate you: toothbrushes, combs, telephones, spoons and forks, plates andcups. At the dinner table, the toddler, as a rule, is not so interested in food as with cutlery.

The child helps dressing and tidying up

Another type of self-care activity is trying to dress and undress. At earlier stages of development, such a task as putting something on the child or taking off, often turned into a tense struggle. Although by the year the children still wriggle, it usually becomes easier to wear them. Your baby can put his foot up so that you put a boot on her, push your hands into your sleeves and pull a T-shirt over your head.

He can even learn to flaunt or comb his hair. This assistance is the result not only of developing the hand, but also of the increasing desire to imitate the adults and do everything yourself.

You can help your child stay focused for a longer time, when dressing or combing his hair, commenting on his actions: "Now let's put on your shoes. .. give my dad a leg".Another way to avoid battles due to clothes is to make things interesting and easy to put on: zippers, spacious sleeves, wide necklines, bright colors and eye-catching drawings. Also, the procedure will be made easier if you turn dressing into a game. Play hide and seek, asking: "Where is our baby?" When you put a T-shirt on your child's head, and exclaiming: "There it is!" When his head appears. Exercises for the feet, "bicycle", when you put your child on pants, help to call for cooperation the lower body of the child."What a little piglet. .." - and amicable laughter will allow you to quickly put on shoes. The child can raise his leg to put on his pant leg, or raise his hands so that you can take off the t-shirt if you give brief, clear instructions, such as "foot inside" or "hands up."

Toys and activities for mastering new skills of hand movements

Game with capacities. Observe how your child opens, closes and opens the cabinet doors again, and then pulls out all the plastic utensils with lids and sits on the floor, scattering them around and trying to put them together while his personal trainer encourages skill:"Put inside, get it out."Notice how he talks to them, and sings to them, and gives them orders, and waves them. Cylindrical objects of gradually decreasing size, such as a set of measuring circles, help the child develop his idea of ​​the relationship between different sizes, about how small containers enter large ones.

The child better understands the relationship between such toys as covers and bowls, and with particular pleasure plays with covers. He shows more interest in emptying containers than in filling them. However, he can join you and also start putting the contents back, if you start this game and show how to play it.

Geometric shapes and puzzles. Puzzle with geometric shapes - favorite game. Approximately one year old the child looks attentively at the round detail and round hole, but

Completing the game

Children between the ages of one and two are so addicted to their game that they protest violently when they are demanded to stop playing and leave. Instead of just grabbing a child and carrying it away, when it's time to eat, get ready for bed or leave someone's house, here's the trick to complete the game that we've successfully applied with all our children. A few minutes before leaving, tell the child that it's time to go( or eat or sleep) and help the child complete the game by waving goodbye to each toy: "Good-bye, truck, goodbye, cubes. .." These farewell gestures help the childduly finish his game, as they finish the article in the book. It also helps parents understand that one-year-old children are small people with strong desires, which need to be disciplined creatively.

usually misses more often. He can knock next to the hole and clearly see the similarity in shape between the detail and the hole of the appropriate size, but he does not yet have a sufficiently developed hand motor, or the patience to put one object in the other. Begin with a puzzle with round holes, as a one-year-old child is much easier to put round objects in round holes. As the child develops the skills of establishing similarities and increases the attention span, go to the square figures, which need to combine angles with the corners of the square hole.

Indication. When playing with tanks and puzzles, if you show where it goes, most children by the age of fifteen months can correctly select the figures to the holes. You can help your child get pleasure from this game and correctly combine objects, giving stimulating instructions such as "Correctly, insert a cube here", pointing to a suitable hole. Your child will demonstrate an ever-increasing ability to follow your instructions while playing. This distribution of instructions( "Insert a cube"), accompanied by appropriate index gestures, is called a pointer that strengthens the child's interest in the game and encourages to

Your child will demonstrate all the

increasing ability to follow the

while playing your instructions.

invasion of certain actions. Offer the child as many kinds of gaming activities as possible, forcing him to make decisions. Organize a game for the child and help him to reach the end.

Toy of the month. Of all the home toys that you can hold in your hand, I give my vote for the lid from the cream for shaving. Just imagine how many interesting things a child can do with this simple lid: he can knock it, shift it, watch it fall, lift it with his thumb and forefinger or the entire palm, hugging it around the circumference or side;and in the bath to pour water out of it and watch it sink, reappear and float on the surface.

And if you want to arrange this game for the mind, take it off the wall of the bathtub and let the child see that it has landed on the floor. Then pick up the lid and hide under your palm so that it can not be seen. Watch how the child will first look at the floor where he saw the lid for the last time. Now show him the lid in your open palm. Close the lid in your hand and watch as the child reaches out to the hand where the lid is. Now put your hands behind your back and put the lid in the other hand. The child will reach for the hand in which he saw the lid before that, which indicates the very precise functioning of short-term memory at this age.

As the child becomes

larger, cubes become larger.

Offer the child rubber cubes with an

side length of 10 cm, which the child

can either hold and put

on each other with both hands, or take with one hand.

"Do not touch!"

The brain says to the hands: "Touch everything that you can get, fill me with new impressions. This is how I study. "And legs, loyal friends of the brain willingly carry their hands where they want. But someone from above constantly shouts: "It is impossible!" Such is the world of the curious one-year-old kid. Here are alternatives for a child who needs to climb everywhere.

That it is possible to touch and that it is impossible.

Accompany the young researcher in his next journey through the house, showing him what items he can touch. Encourage cautious touches."Oh, look, what beautiful flowers, touch it gently" - and then show how gently you need to touch. Provide the kid with his own drawers and individual lockers( scroll one in each room, if possible) so that playful grips grab only those items that they are supposed to.

Commodity exchange. In , when the baby's hands are already preparing to grab the lamp cord, you are ready to shout "no!", But, knowing how to go one step ahead of the child, you quickly direct the baby's interest to a more fascinating toy: "Mary,box. .. "Mary turns to the box with a surprise, and the lamp remains intact.

Change the order of in to its world.

Instead of becoming a supervisor and shouting "no!" Incessantly with a trumpet voice, raise your fragile world for a couple of meters for a couple of years. Place a bowl above the bowl and hide the trash can. If the house now and then spreads "No, just do not touch!", The house creates a negative atmosphere. The kid can seem that he can not do anything. It discourages him from exploring and thus learning. Offer to the child to touch more and learn to touch correctly.

Speech development

In the second year of life, the verbal language and body language go forward in giant steps. You will notice two aspects of your child's speech development: the development of an expressive language( clearly pronounced words) and the development of a receptive language( those words that the child understands).At all stages of development receptive language for months ahead of expressive. At the beginning of the second year of life the child speaks little, but he understands everything.

First words of

Many children at this stage of development do not pronounce many new words, perhaps because they give up most of their energy to walking skills. As soon as the child learns the steps, they begin to beat

with the word key. By the age of fifteen months, the average child can legibly pronounce only four or six words.

At this stage, the child may not yet utter the entire word, but articulate only the initial sound to give you a hint of what he is saying, as if he expects you to insert the missing: "ba" instead of "baba", "ki "instead of" pussy "or" de "instead of" grandfather. "But the accompanying words are indicative gestures do not leave any doubt as to what word he means. The speech of a child who begins to walk usually has completely correct intonations;not enough only full words.

The first "no". A kid can say "no" or express a negative attitude with similar sounds, such as "on-the-on," and if you do not understand it, reinforces your words by shaking your head or pushing away your hand, which tries to feedhim or give him medicine.

Calling, or labels. Continue to stick a label on every person and every thing that makes up your child's everyday world. You point to the tractor, give the name, and a little parrot near you utters sounds that at least to your trained ear seem to look like

. If you are doing your

affairs, you will give names to the

items, thus you will helpspeech

development of their child.

those that you said: "Tactol."Take walks. Sit the kid in a stroller and go to the park or into the woods, often stopping to name objects. Let the child himself direct you. When he points to an insect, give him the name: "bug".When the kid, like an echo, will repeat: "Zu", agree: "Yes, it's a bug".When the child points to the daisies and says "Yamaska", answer: "Yes, these are chamomiles."Confirming that you correctly understood it, you encourage the child to do even better work as a parrot. This is how children learn to speak.

Little Parrot. This great simulator likes to play noise effects, for example to blow bubbles of

or to do "spin".He likes to repeat the sounds made by animals, for example "waf-waf", as the dog says, or what he hears on TV.Use the great desire of the child to imitate. At this age, Matthew hated being wiped off his nose. Therefore, we suggested that he take an active part in this procedure, saying: "Blow your nose when I blow my own."After he blew his nose, we helped him wipe himself with the deft movement of the handkerchief.

Be sensitive to your child's signals

Although you can be physically exhausted from the constant escort of young Christopher Columbus on his travels, the combination of a well-developed language and well-developed parenting skills makes life with a one-year-old child easier because the kid can finally tell you,what he wants. For example, a kid pulls you by the sleeve or brings you his jacket to go for a walk, or brings you a cassette to put it on. Listening to the child is the most important type of activity for the development of skills and the formation of self-esteem. When you listen carefully to a child, you establish communication skills between yourself and your child for life. Provide your child with the same respect that you would have given to any adult who spoke to you. Maybe he is small, but he has what

to say. And remember, the main reason why a child gets used to "whining" is that when you do not listen to it from the first time( or from the second or from the third), his voice begins to reflect his despair, and there are aching notes. You also give him an example of what you do not need to listen to the first time. After all, he will act as you do, and not as you say.

"Distress signals". In addition to the fact that the child now clearly pronounces the words, he uses gestures and body language to call for help. Having despaired of not being able to remove the lid from the jar, or from the fact that the toy is stuck, the child starts whimpering, thus expressing "help me", or resorting to you and pulling your sleeve to help you. These sounds and the body language tell you: "Go help me to get this toy" when he gives you a toy, expecting from adult help.

"Feed Me". In addition to signals about help during the game, a child of this age gives signals about feeding. He can pull you by the blouse so you give him a breast, or ask for a bottle, pointing at her. And even your own meals do not pass without some interference from the baby sitting beside you. When you spoon food, your baby can grab your hand and redirect the spoon to yourself. The ability to use sounds and body language in order to get help and meet needs is an important milestone in communicative development.

The kid shows his mood. Along with the fact that a child of this age uses sounds and actions to express needs, he can now begin to use a specific facial expression to express the mood: the downwardly downward eyes, the annoyed lip-biting, the wrinkled forehead and the forward jaw. All these curved grimaces of a child's face express "I'm upset".

Association of words with objects

The child starts to connect what he hears with what he sees, realizing that everything in his expanding world has a name.

Association of words with pictures.

Words make browsing books and TV more fun. Not far off is the day when the kid runs to the TV and, pointing to the dog, will scream: "Babaka, babka!"

Words facilitate the process of remembering. Imagine this situation. It's time to grab a bite, but your baby with a head went into a pile of toys. Instead of detaching the protesting child from the game

by force, suggest: "Let's go take the cracker."The word "cracker" causes a series of associations in the brain of the child: "cracker in a box in the kitchen", and the baby rushes to the kitchen to the box with crackers.

You can reason with a word. Words facilitate the thinking process. Now that every thing and living thing in the child's world has a tag, it can store in its memory a huge number of images and recall them from memory when they hear the name. We used this intellectual ability to make trips in the car seat more smooth. Matthew always adored his elder brother Peter. Once, when the fifteen-month-old Matthew scuffled in his car seat, we calmed him down, saying: "We'll go to Peter."The word "Peter" caused a mental association with the adored man, and , he ceased to be capricious to think about Peter. The growing vocabulary and the evolving mind make a child of this age very interesting for conversations and cohabitation by a little man.

Follow the instructions of

In addition to the fact that at this age the child plays and imitates more words, he also unerringly understands one-step requests, such as "Go get the ball", and scoops the ball out of a pile of toys. A little later, he can begin to understand and remember two-step and more complex requests: "Take the ball to the kitchen and give it to your dad."

Sign Language

In addition to the fact that the child at the age of one to one and a half years understands more words, he begins to associate gestures with the meaning of words. At this stage of development, Matthew grabbed and bear-like embraced our hardy cat. We rescued the cat from his hands and showed Matthew a more affectionate approach."We need to be quiet with the cat," and we took his hand and showed him how to handle the cat. He realized that movements should be cautious, in the tone of our voice and the movements of our hands. And it helped him to understand us when he needed to wash his face or wipe his nose, as we told him at the same time: "Mom will be quiet"( and, of course, we did everything as promised).

Show and tell

A priceless scene that must be photographed - when the kids of this age greet each other. Watch what happens if you put an ardent kid climbing with kisses to a more restrained baby. Mr. Pylky embraces Miss Restrained with an inexpressibly gentle gesture. Meanwhile, you stand side by side, so that your baby does not fall in love with his prey to death. Miss Restrained moves back, and Mr. Dusty strengthens his grip and pushes too much. One child screams, the other stands dumbfounded, and the fight begins. As an attentive parent, you interfere: "We need to love each other" - and show both kids how to be softer. To teach the child good manners and rules of propriety, take his hand and demonstrate it in words and gestures, what kind of touch you expect from him.

Who in the house owner

Now the kids are better acquainted with the sounds in the house sounds and their sources. They ring the door, and the baby rushes in this direction. The timer of the plate buzzes, and she changes course, turning to this sound;the phone rings, and she runs to say "hello."You can watch this little girl, who knows her big and noisy world so well, for hours.