"The number of gods"

Distribution by the number of months. As early as IV in the n. In Alexandria, apparently, from the fascination with astrology, the seven letters of the Greek alphabet A, B, D, , , E.Z, H were scheduled in a cyclic sequence by the number of months. They, in particular, are shown in the preserved table of Easter dates for the years 328-373.The Alexandrian astronomer Paul in his "Introduction to Astrology"( 378) sets out even the rules for calculating these "numbers of the gods".Somewhat later they received another name - solar epakttes, and in Rus - letters of letters, but in fact they remained numbers, since in many nations, in particular, among Jews, Greeks, Slavs and Georgians, the numbers had letter designations. Soon these numbers became additional elements of dating, they proved to be exceptionally convenient for carrying out various calendar calculations. Therefore, they switched to Russia, however, that instead of Greek, Slavic letters A, B, D, E, S and 3 were used.

Since only seven letters were used, and days are the same in the week, eacha particular year in the transition from month to month, each letter of letters appears to be tightly bound by a certain day of the week. Vreletelnaya letter, which falls in the current year on Sunday, and is called a vcheletsletom.

According to the accepted rule, the letters were arranged in the reverse order( A, 3, S, E, D, D, B, A) and denoted by them the days of the months beginning on March 1 of the Julian calendar: March 1-D, March 2-B, 3-e-A, 4-e-3, 5-e-S, 6-e-E, 7-e-D, 8-e again G, etc., as indicated in Table. In this account system, February 29, as on March 2, is indicated by the letter B. The change is in the hands and occurs on the verge of February-March. In other words, January and February are considered to belong to the previous calendar year.

Table. The relationship between the letters of letters and the numbers of the months in the Julian calendar

Numbers of the months	Movable column of the days of the week	September, December	April, July	October	May, January	August	March, November	June, |February
Mo
1 8 15 22 29	W	A	3	S	E	D	T	In
2 9 16 23 30	Cp	3	S	E	D	T	In	A
3 10 17 24 31	Th	S	E	D	T	In	A	3
Apr. 11 18 25 -	Fr	E	A	T	In	A	3	S
May 12 19 26 -	Sa	D	T	In	A	3	S	E
6 13 20 27 -	Sun	T	In	A	3	S	E	D
7 14 21 28 -	Mon	IN	AND	3	S	E	D	G
W

In fact, in a calendar year contains 52 weeks and one day( in a leap year - two).Therefore, in the transition from one year to another, the connection of the letters of letters with the days of the week is violated. Thus, in the first year of the Constantinople era( with the era 1 map of 5508 BC), March 1 was Friday, the second by Saturday, the third by Sunday. Consequently, the first year of this era was held by G. But on Friday it will be February 28 of the 1st year, therefore on March 1 of the 2nd year it will be Saturday, the 2nd on Sunday. And since March 2 corresponds to the letter "B", it will be this year's voucher. The third anniversary of the era of the "creation of the world" will be V( 1 March-Sunday).But in the years account for this era the third( then the 7th, 11th, etc.) leap year, so that ends on February 29 - Monday, the fourth year begins on Tuesday, and the first in the year Sunday falls toon March 6, with which "forever" is connected with the letter E. Therefore, by the fourth-year anniversary of the Constantinople era, there was the letter E.

How to determine the lieutenant? As you can see, in the line of letters A, 3, S, E, D, G, B, A, the vouchers are moved to the left one position after a simple and two-after a leap year( with the beginning of the year on March 1!).The change of the voucher is completely repeated after 28 years. And this means that there is a definite dependence between the ship's lap and the circle of the Sun. It is also displayed in the table, where each of the vouchers is assigned a serial number - a numerical value from A = 1 to 3 = 7.

Table. Vrutleta

numerical value	numerical value alphabet	Circles of the sun
1	as	1	7	12	18
2	asi	2	13	19	24
3	verb	3	8	14	25
4	well	4	10	21	27
6		4	10	21	27
6		5	11	16	22
7		4	10	21	27
6		5	11	16	22
7		6	17	23	28

If the circle of the Sun Q is known, then the W can be found by such an elementary formula: W = [Q / 4 ] + | Q / 7 |

Here, the symbol [] denotes the whole part of the quotient, the symbol ||, as before, is the remainder of the division. In the case where the number found is greater than 7, it should be reduced by 7.

For example, for 1986 the circle of the Sun

Q = 18. [Q / 4] = 4( in the remainder 2), | Q / 7 | = 4( i.e., in the remainder 4).Therefore, the next year will be W = 4 + 4 = 8( -7) = 1, that is, A. Thus, Sunday will be March 3, 1986 according to the Julian calendar( March 16, 2010).

Vrucheleta for the years of our and the Constantinople era are given in Table.

Table.Вруцелета

The eternal "time-calendar". So, if this year is delivered by hand, then the distribution of the days of the week for all the months will already be known. This is shown in Table.6: to use it as a calendar, it is enough to make a separate column of "days of the week" and move it vertically, setting "Sunday" on a par with the voucher of the year for each calendar month separately.

The day of the week q, which falls on a certain number of a month with the corresponding letter B for it, with the known vnesheleto year W, is determined by the following formula:

q = W - B

- day of the week = vnesheleto years - letter of the appointed number of the month. Here it is assumed that the numbering of the days of the week starts from Monday: Monday = 1, Tuesday - 2,. .., Sunday = 7.

For example, we are interested in what day of the week was April 1, 1250.we find accordingly that on April 1 there corresponds a letter of letter 3( -7), and that of the year 1250 corresponds to E( = 5).Since q = W - B = 5 - 7 =( 5 + 7) - 7 = 5, then, on April 1, 1250, it happened on the 5th day of the week, that is, on Friday.

Just "the theory is right" and gave the opportunity to build "perpetual calendars".In full accordance with the above, it uses the letters of the Julian calendar.

Secrets of the "Centennial Calendar".In the conversation about the parties, it is appropriate to mention the "centenary calendar";this will clarify the reason for bringing the vermillion to the calendar, and even the very name of them as "numbers of the gods".

Even at the beginning of the XX century. Weather forecasts were published in numerous annual calendars under the heading "A Centenary( or" Bryusov ") Calendar": "from January 1 to January 7 - blizzards", "from 8 to 10 January - frosts," etc. For the sake of justice,that this tradition is very ancient. After all, the works in which attempts were made to predict the weather existed already in Ancient Babylon, Egypt, Greece and Rome, they were widely known in medieval Europe. In 1658, Knaver - hegumen of one of the German monasteries published a book with weather forecasts for seven years. Somewhat later, the German physician F. Helvig based on it, compiled and published a "weather calendar" for a hundred years - this is how the "centenary calendar" appeared. .. However, in the 18th and 19th centuries, Calendars were printed with weather forecasts and for even longer periods of time ahead. Here we will try to find out: where did the compilers of such works come from so detailed and "accurate" data?

Mentioned people's views, as if the planets "control" individual hours of the day and individual days, was extended to years. This was based on such a simple rule: a planet that "manages" the first day of the year, affects all events throughout this year, including the weather. The settlement rules were developed at the time when the new year began on March 1( of course, the Julian calendar).For example, on March 1, 1985 art. Art.falls on Thursday, therefore, 1985 is "under the tutelage" of Jupiter. In general, the ancient astrologers linked the alternation of planets, and thus of the gods of Mars, Venus, etc., governing this or that year, with a change in the direction of the ship. Specifically: if you deliver the year A, then the year is "managed" by Venus, B-Saturn, G-Sun, D-Moon, E-Mars, S-Mercury and 3-Jupiter.

Speaking of the weather, astrologers believed that the year under the "patronage" of Saturn would be cold, wet and lean with large and multiple floods. The year of Jupiter is often wetter than dry( in particular, it seems that a lot of rain falls in the spring and autumn), but rich and productive. The year of Mars is more often dry, in summer there is a lot of heat, drought, "the impoverishment of water in springs and rivers, heavy thunder, hail, fires, dog shal, man of mind," as written in one of the calendars of the XVIII century. The year of the sun is dry, moderately warm, yielding. The year of Venus is cold, foggy, but the summer is sufficiently warm. The year of Mercury is cold, dry, but only occasionally fruitful. And finally, the year that the Moon "manages" is wet and cold.

As mentioned above, the cycle "whole" is repeated every 28 years, and the specific( "in the special case") is delivered( and the "guardian planet", after 5, 6 and 11. However, "weather forecasts" were signed withsome changes, so that the "forecast" covered not one, but four solar cycles, i.e., 112 years. Therefore, the "weather-broadcasting" calendar was called "centennial."

Well, and since every year happens to be both "cold" at one time and "warm" to another, from time to time it could appear that such predictions sometimes come true. All this is, of course, speculation. And we mentioned them here only for the purpose to find out the origins of the names of the letters of letters as "numbers of the gods".