Display cycle

"Indication, which is an indication, is a Latin saying, from the Caesars of Rome, for the sake of guilt, invented: in the beginning of the universal dominion, the month of Septemvria, the first day of the ouzakonish octa, and the number at 15 years old is crossed, divided by three dividing this number. And in the thaw of the summer, from tributaries, from different peoples, a tribute, every five years to the lord, lyrum, there is light: at that time, at the age of five, tribute to the daiahu, with the fishes and the merry cheer, this work, the first of five years,copper and iron to the shop;in the second five years it is silver, in the third five years it is golden. And for this 15 years Indiktion contains, and the packs from the first began to be acceptable. "

In this passage of the text from the old "Chasoslov" it is said that in ancient Rome there were five-year periods for collecting taxes from its inhabitants - chandeliers. Under Julia Caesar began to collect taxes every 15 years from the provinces. Under Emperor Diocletian in the empire, revaluation of property was conducted every 15 years in order to establish the value of taxes. All this gave grounds for counting the indicts - ordinal numbers of the years in each interval of 15 years - from one indication( from the Latin indiction - the proclamation), ie, the census, to the other. In 312, Emperor Constantine formally introduced a new number, and the account began with September 23.From this date of birth of the first Roman emperor Octavian Augustus in many countries of the East at that time the beginning of the new year was counted. And only in 462, for practical reasons, the beginning of the year and the reference of the indicators was postponed to September 1.

The time interval of 15 years was called an indiction. In medieval chronology, the first year of the first Indiction was counted from September 1, 312 AD.e. On all historical and legal documents, the indicator was indicated after the usual calendar date.

Since 537, under the emperor Justinian, the dating of the years according to the indicators has become mandatory. In particular, it was used without fail by the Supreme Tribunal of the Holy Roman Empire until the dissolution of the latter in 1806. As noted by the famous chronology specialist E. Bikerman( USA), among the chaos of medieval datings, these at least were stable. ..

FromByzantium, the traditional numbering of the years according to the indices and the beginning of the ecclesiastical year of September 1, came to Rus. As noted in the Novgorod manuscript of the 13th century, "the firstfruits of the existing( liturgical) books in the first month of September are there, on that day the first-fruits of the whole summer, for the sake of wines, the Greek is imagining. .."Here, in March, the beginning of the year was considered March, and in the "Hour" on March 1 we read: "This is the first month in months, in which the visible light was created. .. from its first day, began to accept all the cruisesunny and lunnii, summer in summer, and Vissectos, and the equinoctial is composed in it, and so on. "... We will see further that it was precisely these representations that guided Dionysius the Lesser," inventing "his era. ..

It remains to add that the indictyear, we find, taking the remainder of dividing the year of the Byzantine era by 15, or adding toa measure of the year n.e.3 and dividing the result by 15:

For example, for 1986 = 7494 from the "creation of the world" we find I-9. The change of indicators occurs on September 1.Given the wide prevalence of dating on the indices, we list them in Table.

Table. Indications