Bartholinitis: symptoms and treatment in women, photos, causes

Bartholinitis is an inflammatory lesion of the Bartholin gland( large gland of the vestibule).

The disease is infectious-dependent and causes huge discomfort to a woman. Diagnosis and treatment of this pathological process is handled by a gynecologist.

There are two main stages of this disease:

1. 1) Catarrhal, or actually bartolinite. It is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process without signs of suppuration.
   
2. 2) Bartholin gland abscess, when inflammation of the inflamed gland develops.

Causes of Bartholinitis

The main cause of development of bartholinitis in women is infection by pathogens. This can occur in two main ways:

1. 1) Activation of its own conditionally pathogenic microflora, which is observed against the background of a decrease in the immunity of
   
2. 2) The entry of pathogenic microorganisms.

The main conditionally pathogenic microorganisms that cause the development of bartholinitis are:

• streptococcus
  
• staphylococcus
  
• E. coli
  
• Klebsiella and others.

Of pathogenic microorganisms, bartolinite is caused by such as:

• Trichomonas
  
• gonococci.

Most often, infection with these microbes occurs sexually. Less common is the household way. Predisposing factors that increase the likelihood of the inflammatory process in the Bartholin gland are:

1. 1) Diabetes mellitus. This is due to the fact that glucose is a good nutrient medium for many bacteria. In addition, against a background of a lack of its intake inside the leukocytes( it is the main nutrient) there is a decrease in immune forces.
   
2. 2) Immunodeficiency is congenital or acquired. The latter develops against a background of various common diseases.
   
3. 3) Violation of the rules of intimate hygiene, which leads to dysbiosis of the vagina.
   
4. 4) Frequent change of sexual partners. Against this background, the probability of infection with pathogenic microorganisms transmitted sexually increases.

Symptoms of Bartholinitis in Women

In women, clinical manifestations of bartholinitis are determined by the stage of the pathological process. So, in the absence of suppuration of the large gland of the vagina, the following symptoms appear:

• unilateral pain in the labia majora region
  
• discomfort when walking
  
• abnormal vaginal discharge
  
• redness at the location of the bartholin gland
  
• edema of the labia.

The topography of the Bartholin gland should be considered. It is located in the large labia on the border of the upper and middle third. Its physiological significance lies in moistening the mucous membrane of the vagina, which is especially important during sexual intercourse. However, when this gland is removed, dryness does not develop in the vagina, since a compensatory increase in the activity of other glands with a similar function is observed.

When the bartholin gland is suppurated, the clinical picture becomes brighter. Symptoms such as:

• pain of pulsating and pulling nature
  
• on this background disturbed sleep( sleepless night)
  
• fluctuation - softening in the center of the inflamed gland
  
• appearance of a white point that can lead to autopsy of the abscess
  
• increased swelling and redness
  
• local increasetemperature in the area of ​​the inflammation of the gland
  
• gait is broken( lumbling appears)
  
• becomes impossible sex life
  
• can increase body temperature, weakness appearsand other signs of generalization of the infection.

Treatment of bartholinitis

Treatment of bartholinitis depends on the stage of the inflammatory process. In the case of catarrhal bartolinite, it looks as follows:

1. 1) Purpose of antibacterial therapy taking into account the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms
   
2. 2) Carrying out anti-inflammatory therapy with non-steroidal preparations
   
3. 3) Local therapy for which Vishnevsky ointment is used as compresses. It promotes either resorption of the inflammatory process, or its suppuration, after which it is possible to perform its autopsy.

At the stage of the abscess of the Bartholin gland, a surgical autopsy is performed at the place of the greatest suppuration. Disconnect all the jumpers in the purulent cavity, and then it is treated with an antiseptic solution. To create an outflow of inflammatory secretion, a small drainage is introduced. In the following, regular treatments are shown until complete healing. For this purpose, either antiseptics or antibiotics can be used.

In the groups of patients at high risk, systemic antibiotic therapy is prescribed. This helps prevent generalization of the infection.

This is especially true for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. They have in parallel shown the conduct of hypoglycemic therapy with the help of insulin. If a person before taking tablets, then it is transferred to insulin until the wound is fully healed, as in the conditions of purulent inflammation the sensitivity to oral hypoglycemic drugs decreases and the need for insulin increases.

The main thing in the treatment of abscess is preventing premature closure of the opening, which is created for the outflow of pus. Otherwise, it threatens the development of the Bartholin gland cyst. In the future, it can periodically inflame, which requires its surgical removal.

To prevent premature closure of the hole, follow the following recommendations:

1. 1) Treat the abscess cavity with an iodine solution that leads to the "sticking" of the cavities of the cavity
   
2. 2) Do not use wound healing ointments before gluing the walls of the purulent cavity
   
3. 3) Leave drainage for maximum pus removal and creationconditions for wound healing.

In the case of the formation of the bartholin gland cyst, its removal is performed in the "cold" period, that is, in the absence of an inflammatory process. The operation is performed in a planned order.

It consists in the removal of the capsule of the cyst and the subsequent suturing of the postoperative wound. This prevents subsequent relapses.

Complications

The absence of timely treatment of bartholinitis in women can lead to the development of serious complications.

These include:

1. 1) Bartholin gland abscess - purulent melting of Bartholin gland tissue with the formation of inflammatory capsule
   
2. 2) Bartholin gland cyst - formation of cystic formation in premature closure of the perforation hole
   
3. 3) General intoxication syndrome in attenuated patients prone to generalizationinfection.

Prevention of bartholinitis in women

Preventive measures for bartholinitis are as follows:

• compliance with personal hygiene rules
  
• timely sanitation of the vagina from inflammatory processes
  
• restoration of normal vaginal flora
  
• correction of background pathological processes( diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency), etc.

In conclusion, it should be noted that bartolinite is especially often developed in women predisposed to it.

The disease is associated with inflammation of the Bartholin gland, which has a vivid clinical picture. In all cases of purulent bartholinitis, surgical treatment is indicated, which can be supplemented with a conservative one.

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