Preparation and technical application of kerosene
The word kerosene itself comes from the Greek word keros, which stands for "wax."It is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons boiling at a temperature of 150 ° to 300 ° C.Kerosene is a transparent colorless( or yellowish) liquid with a blue tint, density 0,82-0,84 g / cm3, which is obtained when distilling oil.
Although today oil is called "black gold", in fact, the formation of oil is due to the usual decomposition of plant and animal remains. Oil is extracted in different parts of the globe, either it flows to the surface of the earth by itself, or is extracted from there by means of boreholes, through which it sometimes beats a fountain of ten meters in height. Factory processing of oil consists in the separation of various components, as a result of which: diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oil,
lubricating oils, petrolatum, tar, coke, petroleum ether, gasoline, gasoline, kerosene, paraffin waxes and other materials.
It should be noted that paraffin waxes are the main means for protecting equipment from the action of water. They all have a watery white color and a melting point in the range of 50-95 ° C.Microcrystalline waxes are used as insulation in a wide variety of industries, such as the electrical industry and the communications industry, as well as in printing, engraving, etc. Vaseline, consisting of heavy oil residues and paraffin waxes, is produced by filtering cylinder distillates and used in engineering(as an anticorrosion lubricant, etc.) and medicine( mainly for the manufacture of ointments).We can say with confidence that kerosene, petrolatum and. .. diesel fuel are relatives. Do not forget about this!
Kerosene is a flammable product, since its flashpoint is 57 ° C( when the crucible is open), self-ignition occurs at 216 ° C, and its vapors explode within 1.4-7.5% of the volume. Kerosene is somewhat lighter than water, so it does not dissolve in it, forming floating films.
Usually, for domestic purposes, kerosene is used as furnace and motor fuel. Depending on the purpose, kerosene is produced with different compositions and properties. Light kerosene can be of two main varieties: light and heavy( pyronate).Light for a long time is used for lighting with kerosene lamps, for stoves and heating appliances. Heavy kerosene is less fire dangerous than light, and is used for
lighting boiler, mines and lighthouses. It is also used as a rocket fuel.
Depending on the conditions of the place of oil production and the features of production technologies, kerosene can vary in composition and in toxicity.
In air, the maximum permissible concentration of kerosene is 300 mg / m3.If the concentration of vapor exceeds this limit, the inhalation of air in such a room will lead to poisoning.