Techniques associated with pruning

Along with the basic methods of pruning, there are warning, facilitating and complementing their measures, combined with pruning and designed to regulate the growth and fruiting of fruit trees.

One of the concomitant pruning techniques is blinding of the kidneys, or ocelli. When pruning from a plant, many large and small branches are alienated, carrying on themselves vegetative and generative buds. But in fact, their formation by the tree was expended by forces, nutrients, moisture. Thus, it turns out that when these parts of the crown become unnecessary, they are removed, and the forces are expended by the plant for nothing. Of course, only on this basis it makes no sense to refuse pruning, but in some cases the mass of branches removed during trimming can be significantly reduced. To do this, you should essentially use the anticipatory method of blindness( plucking) of the kidneys and thereby prevent the appearance of shoots at an undesirable location, which excludes their pruning in the future. This is one of the oldest methods of caring for fruit trees. It is also used in cases of the emergence of a competing kidney, which is located behind the kidney, to the level of which the pruning is performed. In order not to denude the crown of the tree, the annual shoots remove the crowns of the leaf buds located behind the terminal kidney. This method is especially relevant for young trees, for which it is very important to economize the primary use of the material. The kidneys are usually removed by a curved garden knife, simply by cutting them off a branch.

Rational reception is breakage of shoots in the phase of their initial growth. Pruning, as is known, involves the removal, cutting of wolf shoots, unless there is a need to leave them. It is better to perform this operation before shoots develop, get stronger and take away from the tree strength and nutrients. The breaking out of young shoots will prevent the waste of the tree.

1. Steeply growing branches can be converted to enhanced fouling and fruiting by placing them close in the horizontal plane with the spacer between them.

2. To improve the structural skeleton, the shoots that slow the growth of the plant in height can be transferred to a more active growth by giving them a vertical position

by tieing the tree trunk

with steeply growing branches in the desired vertical position

Changing the angleslope of branches

With the help of pulling by twine or setting of special braces

can grow energy of growth and redistribute it to other parts of the plant. You need to break out the shoots, until their base is lignified, otherwise such an operation can injure the tissues of the tree.

The technique of changing the angle of the branches, or bending of the branches, is used to accelerate and strengthen the fruiting of the branches of the fruit tree and is based on the observation that the vertical branches usually grow stronger, and the inclined branches occupying a position close to horizontal are better than the fruit Changing the angle of the branches

This is an additional technique used in the formation of crowns of fruit trees, consisting in increasing or decreasing the angle of the branches to regulate their growth and fruitfullyeniya. The awakening of the kidneys and the growth force of shoots depend on the position of the branch. In the vertical position of the branch, shoots from the apical and adjacent buds develop more intensively, but the buds located on the lower part of the branch are more awakened, in general the growth of the branch in the vertical position is stronger. With the horizontal position, the awakening of the kidneys increases, but the growth of each shoot weakens. Therefore, to strengthen the growth of branches, they are given an upright position, and to strengthen the fouling and fruiting - horizontal or even drooping. The method is based on knowledge of the laws of metabolism in the tree. An increase in the angle of inclination of the branch restrains its progressive growth, which increases fouling with shorter shoots, accelerates the differentiation of generative buds and the formation of leaves. Adjust the angles of branching off branches of the first order usually within 40-60 ° to the vertical. Changing the angle of inclination of branches is an effective way of regulating their growth and generative function.

Possible ways of transferring branches to fruiting by bending, twisting, pulling with twine attached to the trunk or growing below the branch by fastening with clamps

Bending of the branches, in addition to stimulating the alignment, is the most important technique for forming trellis forms of

. It is important to ensure that shoots starting from the placeregrowth, did not bend, but were located in the vertical plane

are worn. Consequently, the task of this technique is to attach branches as close as possible to the horizontal position. You can use this technique for the opposite purpose: if it is necessary to increase the growth of a branch, it must be given a vertical, steeply upward position. The orientation of the branches can be changed from spring almost to the end of summer, when the horticulturist is free from other troubles time. In autumn and especially in winter, it is not recommended to bend the branches, the wood during this period is not sufficiently elastic and the branches will not take the desired direction. When bending, it is necessary to make sure that the branches do not form an arc, that the wolf shoots quickly appear on it. A thick branch can not be bent at a time, it is first necessary to make small shallow incisions at the bend point, which will allow the branch to change its direction and position relative to its attachment point. To fix the required position, it is recommended to fasten the branches with spacers, tie with twine or twine, one end of the free loop should be fixed on the branches, and the second one should be tied to the trunk, to the lower branch, to the trellis or to the peg driven into the ground. To prevent the twine from crashing into the bark of the tree and injuring its tissues, place under it a scrap of dense fabric, a piece of rubber or any other softening material. branching of branches, is an important method of inducing wood to fruit bearing, this method proves to be quite effective when the branches do not act pruning and bending. Often, the tree begins to bear fruit after the ringing. This method is based on the laws of metabolism in the tree. As a result of the ringing, the vessels are cut, which means that the transport routes are interrupted and the outflow of metabolic products and assimilates, stable organic substances, from the part of the branch beyond which the ring was made is reduced or completely stops. Thus, all these substances remain in the branch, where they are formed, which stimulates fruiting.

Various ways and purposes of changing the angle of inclination of branches

1. Conversion of the branch to fruiting, fastening by means of twine to the tree trunk.

2. Bending to strengthen growth, pulling the branch to the stem in order to give it a more vertical position.

3. Bending of the branch, changing its vertical position to the horizontal one to reduce growth with the spacer

Technique of bark ringing

1. On the bark surface, two parallel notches should be made at a distance of 1 -2 cm from one another depth to the thickness of the crust.

2. Pick up the tip of the formed strip of bark and remove it from the ring.

3. Treat the ring on the bark with a garden bar or tape with electrical tape to protect the exposed tissue from drying out and infecting the infection.

The technique of ringing is very simple: you only need to remove the strip of bark around the branch along a ring, spirally or half-rings. First it is necessary to make one incision of the cortex in the place planned for the branching, to retreat by 1-2 cm and make a second incision parallel to the first one. Then the strip of bark between the cuts should be removed, leaving the wood stripped. The wound after the ringing should be immediately covered with garden varnish or taped with electrical tape to prevent the drying of unprotected tissues, protect them from infection. From the leafy mass of the ringed branches, the outflow of photosynthetic products practically ceases, which greatly facilitates the transformation of the embedded buds into flowering buds. This process leads to stimulation of fruiting.

Cases of undesirable use of

ringing. Ringing can not be used for weakened trees.

Ringing is not suitable for fruit-tree fruit trees,

Ringing can give a negative effect, which will result in the drying of the branch.

It should not ring the main skeletal branches of the tree, as this will inevitably lead to a general weakening of the plant.