That the child ate with an appetite
In many families, the care of preschool children begins to be monitored less carefully. As a result, there may be a violation of appetite. This is facilitated by games, especially on the street, the ability to "intercept" a patty, a sandwich, a carrot in the intervals between official meals. Reduces the appetite of sweet fruit juices and drinks, which are given to children instead of water. You can fight with a violation of appetite, only strictly observing the diet and the order of serving dishes. Then borsch or soup will be eaten by the child without whims. The same applies to cereals, pasta and other useful but less tasty dishes, in particular to boiled beets, raw and stewed carrots. We advise you to give them in the form of a complex side dish in combination with your favorite dishes( for example, with fried potatoes) or as a snack before the main meal, when the feeling of hunger is the best seasoning for any dish.
Recommended to preschoolers and such undeservedly forgotten dishes as black bread, dipped in sunflower oil with finely chopped salted onions, or sandwiches of black bread and a thick layer of cottage cheese, sprinkled with sugar. A gogol-mogol( rubbed with sugar egg yolks) - a delicacy and delicious, and useful.
The menu in the fifth year of life does not differ significantly from that on the fourth year. Only the norm of the daily set of products changes. For the orientation, we give the corresponding scheme
It should be remembered that in the daily ration the set of products is conditioned by the necessity to maintain a certain ratio of the main food components according to the formula 1: 1: 4, that is, the protein and fat content should be the same, and the carbohydrates 4 times more.
In everyday life, there are often situations where there is currently no product. Then the missing product can be replaced by another. However, due to the different content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in each of these products, this replacement is carried out according to strict rules. The protein-containing product is replaced with another one, carbohydrate-based - for other types of carbohydrates, etc.
According to the official tables, 155 grams of fish, 110 g of curd or 140 g( 2 eggs) of eggs can be substituted for 100 g of meat, instead of a glass of milkyou can give 50 grams of cottage cheese or meat, 30 grams of cheese, 15 grams of fish. Egg is equivalent to 40 g of cottage cheese, 35 g of meat, 160 g of milk.100 grams of fish corresponds to 65 grams of meat, 70 grams of cottage cheese, 300 grams of milk. Groats, flour, pasta can be replaced by each other in equal quantities.100 grams of potatoes are equivalent to 160 g of beet, 150 g of carrots, cabbage. Nothing replaces fresh greens, fruits, berries. The replacement scheme should be considered as a guide for a single action. And only in those cases when a child is carrying a certain product badly( food allergy), it can be constantly replaced.
For the correct development of the child in its diet, vitamins and mineral salts are introduced. If the rules for compiling a diet are met, there is no additional requirement for vitamins. Children do not need a lot of salt. Their daily norm is equal at this age of 8 g, ie, half the norm of an adult.
Some children in the preschool age are ill, without appetite eat, often complain of nausea, and even pain in the abdomen. Others restlessly sleep, grind their teeth, and on the pillow they have a stain from the saliva that stands out at night. Third pale, quickly tired, complain of headaches. The reason for all these phenomena is worms, which are far from harmless. Settled in the intestine, the worms not only absorb part of the food that the child eats, but also constantly produce poisonous substances that penetrate the blood and poison its body.
Glaive diseases can occur without visible disturbances, unnoticeably, but in these cases they also have a harmful effect. Attaching to the wall of the intestine, the worms injure it, form small wounds on the mucous membrane, sometimes even causing bleeding. The larvae of some of them, for example, ascarids, the most common round worms, leaving the egg and intestines, drill the wall of the blood vessel of the bowel and, moving with the blood stream throughout the body, enter the lungs, they again pierce the wall of the blood vessel, and thenpulmonary alveoli.
If the worms are many, they, accumulating in the intestine, can lead to intestinal obstruction. Worms and, their larvae can penetrate into various organs( liver, brain, lungs) and cause their damage.
Small round worm-eyed worms cause itching in the area of anus and perineum in infected children. It is due to the fact that for the development of the eggs of these worms, oxygen is needed, so that the female pinworms crawl out to lay eggs outside. The itch troubles a child more at night. Sometimes it is so strong that children wake up and cry. If there is a lot of pinworms, they can creep out in the daytime. The child combs the itchy places, and the pinworm eggs fall under his nails, on the bed and underwear. When cleaning the bed and changing the laundry, the eggs can be spread with dust around the room and even the apartment. Having fallen on toys, books, furniture, they can remain on them for a month. This creates conditions for re-infection, as a result of which the child may suffer from this kind of helminthic disease for years. Constant irritations and scratching of the skin in the area of the anus and perineum lead to the formation of cracks, ulcers and pustules, girls often develop inflammation of the external genitalia. Infection with pinworms can cause masturbation.
How do worms get into the baby's body? Most adult worms that parasitize the human body produce a huge number of microscopically small eggs that often go to the soil, water bodies, unsuccessful wells, with dust on their shoes and can be put on apartments and appear on various household items, children's toys.
And if a child swallows ripe eggs or worm larvae with food, water or when using unwashed berries, fruits or vegetables, then worms-parasites will come out of them in the intestines. Worms can be infected from domestic animals( cats, dogs), which have wool eggs on their wool. If the child strokes the hand of such an animal, and then, without washing his hands thoroughly, starts to eat, the eggs will go through the mouth to him in the intestines and cause a helminth disease.
To avoid infection with worms, the child should thoroughly wash his hands before eating, after visiting the toilet, playing with pets and generally with any contamination. It is necessary to watch, that at the kid fingernails or nails were always cut, that he did not gnaw them. In addition, the child should not eat unwashed berries, fruits or vegetables. It is advisable to wash them with boiling water after washing. It is also necessary to daily make a wet cleaning of the apartment and make sure that there are no flies that carry the eggs of worms on their paws.
If there is no sanitation in the settlement, it is very important to observe hygienic norms for the contents of latrines, cesspools, and dust collectors.
Each year, in-depth examination of children in the clinic, the doctor appoints an analysis of feces for the eggs of the worms. It is necessary to fulfill this appointment. If eggs of a particular type of worm are found in the feces, it is necessary to conduct a complete course of treatment, even if outwardly no changes in the child's health state are noticeable. This is especially important because children infected with worms are less resistant to other diseases. Such children begin to lag behind in their physical and intellectual development.
The expulsion of worms is carried out according to the doctor's prescription. Parents need to monitor the release of worms in the child, for which it is recommended to use a night pot for the period of treatment. Exercises with worms in the pot should be poured with boiling water, close the lid and leave for an hour, after which you can put it in the toilet or pour into the toilet. If there is a pinworm in the intestine, no special treatment is required. The life expectancy of this species of worms is about a month. Therefore, it is sufficient to take measures against re-infection during this period. All of them boil down to strict adherence to hygienic rules. Briefly cut the nails of the child, clean them daily, wash hands with soap and water, and wash the area of the anus, crotch, and external genitalia with warm soap and water daily in the morning and evening. To sleep the kid should "the closed cowards which every morning should be changed and boiled or ironed with a hot iron. Bed linen is also subject to daily ironing. The apartment must be regularly wet cleaned. Toys should be washed with soap and water with boiling water, which kills the eggs of pinworms. Soft toys have to be cleaned with subsequent drying in the sun. In addition, it is necessary to daily pour boiling water on the baby's pot, toilet bowl, as well as brushes and rags that clean the apartment.