Varieties of raspberry
In Russia 27 varieties of raspberries are classified, among them early:
News Kuzmina - medium-sized berries( 2-3 g), dark red or crimson, aromatic, dessert taste.
Novokitaevskaya - medium-sized berries( 2.5-3 g), crimson or crimson, conical, good sweet and sour taste. Meteor - medium-sized berries, flocculent, ruby-red, have a characteristic raspberry dessert taste.
Requirements: usually raspberries planted along the fence. However, this is not the best place for her. It is much more convenient to plant a raspberry compactly somewhere in the corner of the garden, in a well-lit place, sheltered from the wind. Well, when in the raspberries in winter, a lot of snow will accumulate. This is protection against frost, and excess moisture in the ground. A raspberry loves the soil with a reserve of moisture and nutrients, but does not tolerate excessive moisturizing.
Medium:
Barnaul - medium-sized berries( 2-3 g), red, shiny, a lot of bone;strongly crumbled.
Kaliningrad ( Prussian) - large berries( 2,8-4 g), red, with large non-uniform drupes, sweet.
Award - medium berries( 2,6-3 g), red, dull, elongated, with typical raspberry flavor and medium aroma.
Ruby Bulgarian - medium and large berries( 2,5-3,5 g), red, tartonic, good taste qualities.
Newburgh is an American variety. Berries are medium and large( 2.8-3.4 g), light red, roundish, with large drupes, pleasant but not bright taste, with a weak aroma.
Modest - medium to large, conical, bright red, dense, pleasant taste, ripen together.
Sunny - berries are large, dulcetically shaped, a pleasant dessert taste.
Ingredients: raspberry fruits contain sugars( mainly glucose and fructose), organic acids( predominantly apple), pectin, tannins and colorants and fiber. Of vitamins, ascorbic and folic acid, P-active compounds predominate. Of the mineral compounds in the pulp of raspberry fruit contains iron( more than in apples, pears and black currant).
Planting: plant raspberries in rows. The row from the row is placed at a distance of 2-2.5 m, and in the row the plants should be 30-50 cm from each other. Plant raspberries better in the furrows so that the soil at the base of the stem was 2-3 cm below the surface of the site.
Planting raspberries
Raspberries can be grown in separate bushes with 10-12 stems in the bush and in the form of a trellis or in the form of tapes. In the trellis the plants are placed in a narrow long row.1. The most practical and effective way of planting and growing raspberries in the form of double trellis. In this case, the seedlings place the between two parallel rows of tensioned wire and rope. With this form of planting, you do not need to tie the stems to the trellis.
2. When growing a raspberry in the form of a simple trellis, it is necessary to attach the stems to the strung wire or rope with the help of braces or garters.
When planting raspberries on a well-prepared soil, dig shallow and narrow holes and make grooves. On insufficiently filled areas with organic fertilizers, pits with a diameter of 40-60 cm and a depth of 30-40 cm are prepared and fertilizers are introduced into them.
Surplus nitrogen for raspberries is very dangerous, since unripened shoots can be damaged by frost.
Before planting, the furrow and the hole are poured with water at a rate of 3-6 liters per plant. The soil around the seedlings is well compacted. Raspberry can be planted in spring and autumn. In spring, raspberries live better only if before landing, it has not yet moved into growth. When planting in autumn, the plants grow 10-12 cm so that the lower buds do not freeze in winter.
Late:
Latam - medium-sized berries( 2,5-2,8 g), red, dull, tuff-shaped, small stems. The taste is sweet and sour, mediocre.
Pavlovskaya - large berries( 3-3,5 g), rounded, dark crimson, good taste. Cumberland - The berries are small to medium-sized, round in shape, black shiny, dense with firmly adhered kroyankami, have a whitish coating. The taste is specific sweet and sour, like a blackberry. The berries are dry.
Care: after planting, the seedling is cut to 20-30 cm and the soil is mulched with rotted manure, peat bog or shredded straw.
Raspberry propagation by the root offspring of
The raspberry bush is renewed every year due to root offspring. Varieties differ in their ability to form: high( Newburg, Marlboro, Latam), medium( Meteor, Kuzmin, Barnaulskaya) and low( Kaliningrad, Reward).Raspberry is propagated with green root siblings, serving as a planting material for the expansion of raspberry plantations. To ensure that the planting is not thickened, it is necessary to cut off or dig out the green shoots that are constantly growing between the main stems and, if necessary, to use as a planting material
. In fruit-bearing raspberries the soil is mulched after its early spring processing. On wet soils where there is no drainage, mulching is not carried out. If the soil under the raspberries is not covered by mulch, then its regular loosening is necessary to control weeds, improve air exchange and destroy wintering pests.
Raspberries require rare and abundant watering, which promote the development of roots in deeper layers of soil. Frequent and small doses lead to the growth of roots at the surface.
Every year, early in the spring, before bud opening, the stems are cut before the first well-overwintered kidney. At the same time, remove weak, broken, damaged pests stems. On each meter of planting leave no more than 12-15 shoots of raspberries( 5-6 stems in each bush).
Raspberry shoots need support. To do this, you need to arrange a trellis of 4 rows of wire stretched between the pillars. Raspberry shoots are tied to the wire so that the plants are evenly illuminated by the sun. In May, inspect the rows of raspberries and in each bush leave 10-12 of the best young shoots, the rest are removed. After harvesting the last crop, the detached-sprouting shoots are removed and the site is processed. In autumn, the shoots are tied and bent so that they are 30-40 cm above the soil surface. This contributes to a better wintering of plants. Winter-resistant varieties can not be bent to the ground.
Trim: features raspberry pruning based on the biological cycle of her life. Raspberry is a perennial shrub with a two-year life cycle of each stem. In the first year the stem grows and develops, on the second it branches, fructifies and dies. At the same time, new stems are growing, which go through the same cycle of development, continuously renewing each other. Resumption of the bush occurs due to root offspring, which are formed in plants in different quantities depending on the variety. Before planting a raspberry seedling, it is necessary to cut the stem at a height of no more than 40 cm above the soil surface. Further care for raspberry plantings is not particularly difficult and consists in the following:
- annual removal of dead dry branches with the same number of young ones replacing them;
- removal of weak, thin, short and underdeveloped stems, so that they do not thicken the planting and do not take away the forces of the plant;
spring pruning of unripe and frozen tops of stems;
removal of the seedling that appears between the stems of raspberry. The offspring can be excavated and used as a planting material to expand raspberry plantings or simply not let them grow by cutting them or pulling them out of the ground.
When caring for raspberry plantings, make sure that the distance between the strong neighboring stems is 10-15 cm. This interval between plants excludes shading, poorly affecting the laying of buds, branching and ripening of shoots, reducing yield.
The fertilized stems of raspberries die after the second year of vegetation, they must be removed from the plantations, carving the pruner near the surface of the soil
Harvesting: the maturation of the harvest is gradual and heavily dependent on the weather. With good weather, berries ripen faster, with rainy, cold - slower. At the beginning of fruiting raspberries collections are usually small, from the second decade, with the ripening of the bulk of the berries - are increasing. At the end of fruiting, when there are only small berries of medium and lower branches, the fees again decrease. In good weather, berries are harvested in a day or two, too hot or rainy - daily. At the end of fruiting, berries can be harvested after 3-4 days. You can not pick berries in the early morning, until the dew has dried out, and soon after the rain. Collection of wet berries is allowed only in extreme cases, with prolonged wet weather. At the same time, they are immediately put into recycling.
Removable maturity of raspberries is considered the moment when they will acquire a characteristic color for them. The berries intended for transportation are not brought to full maturity. For consumption and processing, berries can be harvested completely ripe. Ripe berries are sweeter, tastier and more aromatic.