Hyponatremia - a decrease in the concentration of sodium in the blood plasma is less than 135 mmol / l. There are four types of hyponatremia. ■ Euvolemic hyponatremia( volume of circulating...

Hypernatremia is always associated with hyperosmolarity. When the a-molarity of the plasma becomes higher than 290 mos / l, an increase in ADH secretion by the posterior lobe of the pituita...

The amount of chlorine in the urine depends on its content in the food. In infants with urine, very little chlorine is excreted, since its content in breast milk is low. The transition to mixe...

The results of laboratory studies are subject to the influence of biological and analytical variation. If the analytical variation depends on the conditions of the test, the magnitude of the biol...

Reference values ​​of the activity of factor VIII in blood plasma - 60-145%. Factor VIII of plasma clotting - antihemophilic globulin A - circulates in the blood in the form of a complex ...

In healthy people, the titre of AT to nuclear arteries in serum 1: 40-1: 80( clinically significant titer -> 1: 160 using indirect immunofluorescence method, using screening methods - below 1:...

Normally the concentrations of AT to the extracted nuclear Ag RNP / Sm, Sm, SS-A( Ro), SS-B( La) - less than 20 IU / ml, 20-25 IU / ml - boundary values;to Ar Scl-70 AT is normally absent. ...

Reference values ​​of myoglobin concentration in serum: men - 22-66 mcg / l, women - 21-49 mcg / l. Myoglobin is a gem-containing chromoprotein;is a light chain of myosin with a molecular ...

The balance of nitrogen in the body( the difference between the amount of nitrogen consumed and released) is one of the widely used indicators of protein metabolism. In a healthy person, the r...

HCV( Hepatitis C) is a viral disease that most often occurs in the form of posttransfusion hepatitis with a predominance of anicteric and mild forms and is prone to process chronicization. The...

AT IgM to the rubella virus in the serum is normal. For Ig IgG, values ​​greater than 35 IU / ml are considered to be diagnostic. For the diagnosis of rubella, the ELISA method is used, wh...

The microprecipitation reaction of with cardiolipin Ag for syphilis is normally negative. MR allows to reveal AT to cardiolipin Ag pale spirochetes. MR in isolated use is not diagnostic...

In norm or rate AT to the activator brucellosis in a blood are absent. The diagnostic titer for the agglutination reaction is 1: 160 and higher. The most reliable serological test of A...

Infectious erythema is a disease caused by parvovirus B19( B19U).This infection is also called the "fifth disease" in addition to the four well-known TORCH infections( toxoplasma, others, rube...

Serological diagnosis is based on the detection of titer AT to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in serum. The most widely used method was ELISA. With the use of ELISA, it is possible to determine the ...

More than 2200 serological variants of Salmonella have been described, of them more than 700 in humans. Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella anatum...

Chlamydia pneumoniae causes a human respiratory tract infection. In most cases( in 70% of infected) the infection is asymptomatic, in other cases - according to the variant of nasopharyngeal a...

AT to echinococcus in serum is normal. To diagnose echinococcosis, serological diagnostic methods have been developed: RPGA, RSK, latex agglutination reaction with Ar from the fluid of ech...