Congenital malignancy of the eyelids
The dermoid of the century is a tumor of elastic consistency, round in shape. It is not fused to the skin, but is often connected with the periosteum. This tumor contains sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as fat and hair. In most cases, the dermoid is located at the inner or outer corner of the eye at the junction of the upper and lower eyelids. With this disease, only surgical treatment is performed. The tumor is removed along with the surrounding capsule.
Nevus - birthmarks of pale yellow, brownish or almost black. These spots can have different sizes, sometimes they capture both centuries. With the growth of these spots they must be removed, since sometimes they can degenerate into malignant tumors.
Hemangiomas of the eyelids are tumors originating from blood vessels. They can quickly increase in size, which leads to the destruction of surrounding tissues. Hemangiomas occupy an intermediate place between benign and malignant tumors. Most hemangiomas are congenital and are formed as a result of intrauterine disruption of the development of the vascular system. As a rule, they grow rapidly in early childhood. There are capillary, cavernous and racemose( branched) hemangiomas of the eyelids.
Capillary hemangioma has the appearance of a flat spot of dark red color and consists of enlarged surface vessels of the eyelid.
Cavernous hemangioma contains cavities with thin walls that are filled with blood. Such a hemangioma rises above the level of the skin or spreads into the depth.
Branched hemangioma is extremely rare. It consists of a bundle of dilated and convoluted blood vessels.
Treatment of tumors of the eyelids is carried out by the method of operative removal. Also use X-ray and radiotherapy.
Lymphangioma of the eyelid are tumors originating from the lymphatic vessels. They are very rare. These tumors have a pale color, resemble a cyst in appearance and consist of a multitude of cavities with thin walls. In some cases, lymphangiomas reach enormous sizes. This condition is referred to as congenital lymphangiectatic elephantiasis. Treatment is mainly surgical.
Neurofibromatosis ( Recklinghausen's disease) manifests itself in various forms: plexiform neurofibroma, mollusc fibroma and half facial hypertrophy. The most common is plexiform neuroma, which affects the upper eyelid. At the same time, it thickens, and dense, sinuous, knotty cords are probed in it, which join together. Molluscic fibroma of the eyelid has the appearance of a soft tumor located on a wide base or on a long stem. With half of the face hypertrophy, not only the eyelid, but also the entire half of the face on the side of the lesion increases.
The appearance on the skin of spots of coffee color with milk, the appearance of tumors along the nerve trunks and dermal neurofibres is a cardinal sign of neurofibromatosis. With erased forms, neurofibromatosis is often mistakenly diagnosed as fibroma of the eyelids, lymphangioma, or ovulation of the upper eyelid. Of great importance for the detection of this disease is the radiography of the skull and orbit. With the neurofibromatosis of the eyelid, the eye socket and all parts of the eyeball can be affected. The tumor of the age is constantly progressing, increasing in size, thus leading to disfigurement of the appearance and creating a hindrance to vision.
Treatment consists in the removal of tumorous tissues, and often resort to repeated operations.