Violation of secretion of sulfur and sebaceous glands of external auditory canal
Violation of the functions of sulfur and sebaceous glands( reduced or increased their function), located at the base of the ear canal, promotes dryness or the formation of sulfur plugs in the ear canal. With reduced function of sulfuric and sebaceous glands excessive dryness of the skin causes anxiety, unpleasant and even painful itching in the auditory canals.
Treatment consists in the local application of ointments with menthol, use soft massage of the ear canal to activate the function of sulfur and sebaceous glands, in some cases improving the subjective state. Serno-epidermal stopper is removed instrumentally, sometimes in the operating room.
Congenital ear fistula occurs in 2-3 cases per 1000 newborns, has a diameter of 1-2 mm. The fistula of the ear can be on one or both sides( symmetrically) in the form of a pinhole, from which, when pressed, pus is sometimes released. Perhaps its combination with the fistula of the neck. Often, only in the excision of the fistulous course find out that it reaches the bone and even up to the tympanic cavity or connects to the neck fistula( canal).Sometimes the canal is absent or there are branches from the main fistula, including small ones, invisible to the naked eye. In these cases, an operating microscope is used, since incomplete excision of the fistula can lead to the reappearance of fistulas and canals and to repeated surgical interventions. At the end of the operation, 2-3 sutures are applied to the soft tissues of the edges of the wound.
In the presence of inflammatory phenomena, preliminary anti-inflammatory treatment is performed, with an abscess in the field of inflammation it is opened. During the operation, only local anesthesia is used. The fistula is excised along with the altered tissues.
Anomalies in the development of the middle and inner ear are often combined with anomalies of the inner ear, congenital hearing impairments of central origin. They can be combined with anomalies of the lower jaw, cleft hard and soft palate, the so-called hare lip, paresis of the facial nerve and soft palate, congenital heart defects. In addition, it is often formed underdevelopment of the facial skeleton( lower jaw, etc.), dentoalveolar system, incorrect bite.
Anomalies in the development of the middle ear can be in any part of the sound transmission system - from the tympanic membrane to the labyrinth of the inner ear. The drum cavity may be absent or have a slit shape. The auditory ossicles( especially the malleus) are often rudimentary, often soldered to each other, with the walls of the tympanic cavity, or none at all. Deformations of auditory ossicles can be very different. There are congenital maldevelopment of the facial nerve, abnormalities of the labyrinth of the inner ear, auditory tube, vessels, muscles, articulation of the anvil and stapes( small auditory ossicles of the middle ear).Hearing changes depend on the severity of the anomalies of the auditory ossicles, and also on their mobility. For children with a congenital anomaly of development of auditory ossicles, hearing loss and deafness are characteristic. Sometimes their mental development changes, they start talking late, learn badly at school. Often there is oligophrenia( debility).In children with a unilateral anomaly of the hearing organ, the development of speech usually corresponds to the norm.
Important data in the diagnosis of the diagnosis of anomalies in the development of the ear have X-ray tomography, in which it is possible to identify changes in the middle ear.
Operations performed on the middle ear, provide an opportunity to restore sound and hearing. Sometimes adenoidal deformations, polyps of khuans are preliminarily removed, and conchotomy is performed. Operations that improve hearing are carried out with a large and small underdevelopment of the ear, anomalies in the development of the middle ear caused by endocrine diseases. The purpose of the operation is to restore the external auditory canal, reconstruction of the elements of the sound-conducting system of the middle and outer ear with the subsequent restoration of hearing. The scope and methods of operations depend on the nature and degree of underdevelopment of certain elements of the middle ear.
Anomalies in the development of the inner ear rarely occur in the absence of a labyrinth. Most often there are a variety of limited developmental anomalies. Since all congenital ear anomalies often combine( outer, middle and inner ear), this gives grounds to combine them into syndromes.