Urine diathesis

Uric acid is the end product of one type of metabolism. The risk of crystallization occurs when the uric acid concentration increases above a certain threshold.

The term " urate diathesis " was introduced by N. F. Filatov in 1902. In 1985, a massive examination of children for hyperuricemia( an increase in uric acid in the urine) was carried out, which was detected in 16% of the children surveyed. However, in most of them, it had a symptomatic, transient nature and was associated with kidney, cardiovascular, blood, and nutritional status. In children with excess levels of uric acid in the blood there is a high frequency of neuropsychic abnormalities( neurotic reactions, systemic and multiple neuroses, pathological characterological reactions).With hyperuricemia, the following signs are associated: high level of intellectual development, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The causal relationship between hyperuricemia and central nervous system abnormalities, as well as the defeat of the cardiovascular system, remains unclear, but there is an opinion about this association with renal impairment.

In boys with hyperuricemia, hyperkinetic syndrome( increased excitability syndrome), enuresis( urinary incontinence), anorexia( loss of appetite, up to complete absence), girls - obesity, urinary and gastrointestinal syndrome, are observed more often than in girls. In children up to three years more often than in other periods, regurgitation, vomiting, sleep, appetite, frequency and character of the stool( dyspeptic syndrome) are noted. In the age group 4-7 years, the hyperkinetic syndrome, motor disinhibition, logoneurosis( speech disturbance), behavioral reactions( negativism), urinary syndrome, abdominal pain come to the fore. Children of 8-10 years have a further tendency to increase symptoms from the urinary system, arthralgia( pain in the joints).In 11-14 years the frequency of vegetative dystonia, the syndrome of affective excitability, negative behavioral reactions increases.

In the first days after birth, the level of uric acid in the blood plasma is usually elevated, but by the 5th day of life it decreases. Excessive excretion of uric acid by the kidneys is the cause of uric acid infarct in newborns.

In the process of growth, the proportions of the amount of uric acid and urea that are excreted by the kidneys change. The highest( in relative terms) excretion of uric acid takes place in the first 3 months of the child's life. During the first two years, excretion of uric acid remains higher than in adults, per 1 kg of body weight. This is associated with certain features of the metabolism in the child's body.

Possible causes of hyperuricemia:

1) increased intake of purines with food( meat);

2) increased uric acid production as a result of numerous diseases;

3) impaired renal excretion of uric acid: chronic renal failure, starvation, lead poisoning, the effect of diuretics( diuretics), Down's disease, hypothyroidism;

4) Inadequate excretion of uric acid from the body through the intestine.