How not to get lost in the forest

The mushroom picker, which goes to the forest, must necessarily take a compass with him, since it is quite difficult to navigate properly in the forest, especially in cloudy weather.

But if it so happens that you have lost the right direction, do not panic. First of all, calm down, pull yourself together and remember all the signs that you can easily identify the right direction.

Signs that help orient in the forest

It is known that ants build their anthills on the south side of stumps and trees.

From the north side, the bark of the trees is always somewhat coarser, on the southern side it is thinner and more elastic, and the birch is lighter.

However, it is not always possible to correctly determine the required direction for one of the above characteristics, so it is best to orient yourself in the forest according to several signs.

On the northern side, trees are often covered with moss and lichen.

Bees arrange their nests on stones that face south.

The resin of coniferous trees accumulates in large quantities from the southern side of the trunks.

In the spring the grass is thicker in the northern outskirts of the glades, which at this time of the year are better heated by the sun's rays, in the summer - it is more abundant in the southern, shaded areas.

Berries ripen from the southern side earlier.

In summer, the soil around large stones, trees and bushes is drier on the south side.

The direction of the sides of the horizon can be determined by the sun. So, for example, in the summer the sun rises and sets not strictly in the east or west, but somewhat to the north. Therefore, one should know that the sun is at 7 o'clock in the east, at 13 o'clock in the south, at 19 o'clock in the west.

The direction of north and south can also be set using a wristwatch. To do this, the clock should be set to the horizontal position and send the hour hand to the sun.

The angle, which is formed between the clockwise direction and the direction to the figure 12, should be divided in half. The line passing from the center of the clock through the middle of the corner and will indicate the direction north-south. It should be noted that until 12 noon south will be located to the right of the sun, and after 12 hours - to the left.

In order to avoid getting lost from the planned path and not lose orientation, it is necessary to memorize various signs as possible: unusual trees, various boulders, bends and slopes of the path, etc.

If a swamp meets a path, then overcome itwith extreme caution. The degree of danger of a swamped forest area can be determined from nearby vegetation. If birches, fir trees, willow bushes grow near the site, then this indicates that the marsh is old, and therefore safe. If the next row grows horsetail, then you should be as cautious as possible.

As a rule, large areas of swamps are diverse, i.e., dangerous places alternate with safe ones. In those parts of the swamp where water is hidden under the turf, the grass has more bright and juicy shades.

Weakly waterlogged area does not create any special difficulties for movement. It is enough just to look for the driest areas.

On medium wetlands, where there is open water, you should move by jumping from a hummock to a hummock, since they have the most reliable ground.

The most dangerous marshes are those that formed after the overgrowing of old reservoirs. Under the newly formed unsteady surface is water or silt. When moving along such a surface, the upper layer of the swamp oscillates, and water appears immediately on the mashed areas. Such swamps are best avoided. But if you still had to overcome them, you should be very careful.

First, using a long and pointed stick, you need to set the thickness of the alloy layer. If it is reliable to withstand weight, then you can start moving in the necessary direction. It should be remembered that the thickness and strength of the layer of alloy at different sites is not the same. That's why you should move cautiously, observing the interval between people walking. Everyone who crosses the swamp should have long and sturdy sticks in his hands. Keep them in front of you, perpendicular to the direction of movement.

If you did not succeed in crossing the swamp and you fell into it, you must immediately transfer the weight of the body to the pole that will lie on the rafting. Then, gradually moving the pole, you must try to get out of the swamp. In the event that the stick does not catch on to the alloy, you can not make sharp movements in order to independently get out of the swamp. You must help comrades.

Approaching a person who has fallen into a swamp should only crawl. As insurance, you can use a stick.

Around the failed one, it is necessary to pave the pavement out of improvised branches, poles and dry tree trunks. He will need to pull out a man who fell into a swamp.

To act in this case should be quickly and decisively and in no case to give way to panic.

Long trips sometimes cause fatigue, so you can always rest and build a fire. It is best to plant a bonfire on a forest road or river bank, at a distance of 10-15 m from the trees. For a fire it is recommended to collect dead wood and firewood, which are always present in plenty in any forest. For kindling will suit birch bark, small dry branches, branches, bark of coniferous trees.

You can not build bonfires if you are in the forest park area, as well as in the reserves. Usually for fires in these places are allocated special sites.

If there is no possibility to build a fire where there is no grass, you first need to save the turf, removing it neatly with a shovel or knife.

All the garbage must be burned without leaving any waste. Burnt fire must be extinguished with water or covered with earth, put back and water.

It should also be remembered that mushroom cleaning and worms are a planting material that can be dripped. For example, cleaning birch and aspen trees near birches and aspens, tulips in pine plantations, etc.

The digging should be carried out in the following way: it is necessary to excavate a pit, its bottom to loosen, put mushroom cleaning there and cover it with turf.

If the hike for mushrooms lasts a long time, then you can mushrooms in the sun. For this purpose, well-lit and blown clearings are suitable. Mushrooms need to be strung on a thin string and stretch them between trees. When mushrooming, dried mushrooms must be dried in the oven.

However, the mushrooms can be dried, without waiting for the return home. To do this, it is required to arrange a stove, breaking it in a clay precipice of a river or ravine.

The floor of the oven must be moistened with water and hand-dampened. After the clay dries, you can kindle a fire. When the bonfire burns, you need to place the coals and ashes with a broom, and put the mug leaves on the bottom, on top of which to place chopped mushrooms.

In order to make the hike for mushrooms really become a rest without incident, equipment must be prepared in advance.