Inedible mushrooms

Recall that all mushrooms are divided into three groups: edible, inedible and poisonous.

Inedible mushrooms are those mushrooms that have too bitter or sharp taste, unpleasant smell and unappetizing look.

Thus, inedible fungi can be identified by the following features:

1) unpleasant odor;

2) an unpleasant taste;

3) small fruit bodies;

4) specificity of the site of growth;

5) hardness of pulp;

6) scales, spinules or other outgrowths on the fetal body.

To inedible fungi from the number of tubulars include bile fungus and pepper mushroom.

Bile fungus( Tylopilus felleus)

The bile fungus is inedible, as it has a very bitter taste and is probably toxic. It grows from July to September on sandy soil in coniferous forests, sometimes on rotten, moss-covered stumps and on the basis of tree trunks.

Externally similar to white fungus and birch bark. However, it is easy to distinguish it from edible mushrooms. On his leg is a dark mesh pattern, a dirty-pink tubular layer, a bitter and rosy flesh( Fig.).

Fig. Bile fungus( Tylopilus felleus)

Pepper fungus( Suillus piperatus)

Pepper mushroom is inedible due to its peppery taste. It grows in coniferous forests. It has a similarity to oil mullets, a green flywheel and a goat. Recognize this mushroom on a caustic-bitter flesh and a yellowish-red tubular layer( Fig.).

Fig. Peppermint

Collibia spindle( Collybia fusipes( Fr.) Quel.)

The fungus grows near the roots of deciduous trees, near stumps or on stumps. Fruits from June to October.

The mushroom cap is flat, with a diameter from 4 to 10 cm, with a mound, reddish or tan. The surface of the cap is dry, bare, in addition, it often crackles in the longitudinally-radial direction.

Pulp is thin, dense, yellowish, but pale to whitish. The pronounced taste and smell is absent.

The plates are either loose, or adhered to the stem, whitish, frequent, with pink spots.

Spore powder white, spores ovate.

Leg is spindle-shaped, dense, root-branching from below. The length of the leg is from 10 to 20 cm, the thickness is up to 2 cm( Fig.).

Fig. Collibia spindle( Collybiafusipes( Fr.) Quel.)

Mushroom III category. Only hats in marinated or fresh form are used for food.

Mlichnik gray-pink( Lactarius helvus)

Consider poisonous, but this issue is not fully understood. Growing mushroom from July to October. In shape, size and place of growth, it looks like a bitter, but has a lighter cap on which there is no tubercle. The fungus can be recognized by colorless, non-caustic milky juice, and also by the smell of coumarin( Fig.).

Fig. Mlechnik gray-pink

Fire alder( pholiota alnicola( fr.) Sing.)

Similar to autumn swear. It grows in families on the stumps of deciduous trees from August to October. The hat is convex with a tubercle. First a pale yellow, to the edge with a greenish, and to the middle with a brownish hue. The plates are pale yellowish, later olive-ocherous. Leg thin fibrous, the same color as the cap. The flesh has an unpleasant smell and a bitter taste( Fig.).

Fig. Alder fire

False groove( Hebeloma crustuliniforme)

It grows on the fringes of deciduous forests, but it can be found in the park area between August and September. The hat is convex, dirty-yellow, sometimes brown. The plates are whitish at first, then yellowish-clayey. The leg to the bottom is thickened without a ring, scaly, of the same color as the cap. The pulp has a bitter taste and unpleasant odor. According to some reports, this fungus is considered to be poisonous( Fig.).

Fig. Fallow false

False warty sorrel( Scleroderma verrucosum Pers)

This mushroom can be found from August to September along roads and in dry pine forests. In shape and size, it is similar to a common lizard, but its shell is thicker, scaly. The inner part is violet-black with white veins.

To avoid poisoning, you should collect only those fungi that are not in doubt. You can not cut overripe, wormy and heavily damaged by rodents and slugs specimens. Collected mushrooms need to be immediately processed, otherwise they can come into disrepair. Salted and marinated mushrooms can not be stored in galvanized and clay glazed pots.

An umbrella comb( Lepiota cristata)

It grows in meadows, forest edges, lawns and pastures throughout the country between September and October. In some European countries it is considered poisonous.

In young mushrooms, the cap is campanulate, in mature mumps the cap is convex with tubercle. It is whitish in color, in the center of brown, with brown scales, which are arranged in concentric circles. The plates are white. The foot is even. The base is slightly thickened, hollow, yellowish or slightly red in color, smooth, with a white narrow ring. When the fungus ripens, the ring disappears. Mushroom fungus thin, white. It has an unpleasant taste and a red odor( Fig.).

Fig. Umbrella comb

Mitzen

It is found everywhere on deciduous and coniferous festering, it fructifies well in rich soils. It grows from early summer to late autumn. There are

large species of mitsen, they differ among themselves only by a thin high leg and small sizes( Fig.).

Fig. Mitzen

Thick-heeled rowing( Tricholoma virgatum)

Growing in forests of different types from August to October. The shape of the cap varies from canonical to hemispherical. The hat is silvery-gray, shiny, with old mushrooms scaly. Plates from white to grayish. The foot is cylindrical. The flesh is grayish-white, has a bitter taste, an inexpressive odor( Fig.).

Fig. A rowing pointed

Some researchers are considered poisonous.

Scale destroying( Pholiota destruens( Brond.) Gill.)

It can be found in autumn on trunks and stumps of deciduous trees, but it can appear on treated wood. It grows, as a rule, singly or in small groups. By appearance a sturdy fleshy mushroom. The hat is ocher, brown with light brown scales. Plates ohryanye. Leg from below has thickenings, the color can vary from white to ocher. The fungus has a strong odor. The flesh is white, has a bitter taste( Fig.).

Fig. Scale destroying

Gray-violet series( Tricholoma sdiodes Martin)

Growing in deciduous forests between August and September. At a young age, the cap of the mushroom is hemispherical, later spread out with a depression in the center. The color of the cap is dark gray with a purple hue. Leg thin, grayish-whitish. The flesh of the fungus has a bitter burning taste( Fig.).

Fig. Gray-violet rowing sergeant

Rowing different( Tricholoma sejunctum)

It grows in mixed and coniferous forests from the end of July to the end of September. The hat is yellowish green, fleshy. Has a conical or hemispherical shape at a young age, later it becomes spread out. Cream mushroom plates with yellowish tips. Leg is cylindrical, white( Fig.).

Fig. The ryadovka differing

The mushroom has a floury taste. When cooking this taste is intensified.

You should also know that the wormy salted and marinated mushrooms that have been stored for some time in the with galvanized and clay glazed pottery are inedible and can be poisoned.

Fir-tree spruce( Tricholoma aestuans( Fr.))

This fungus occurs in coniferous forests in late summer and in autumn. The hat can be bell-shaped or flat with a depression in the center. Brown, shiny, plates yellow. Leg high, thin, light yellow with brown fibers. The flesh is whitish or light-yellow without a smell, has a sharp burning taste( Fig.).

Fig. Fir tree sprocket

Clavicorona pyxldata( Clavicorona pyxldata)

It grows everywhere on stumps and rotten hardwood. Fruit body is highly branched. At the top of the branch, there are jagged edges. Sprigs are yellow in color, but if pressed on them, they will acquire a brownish color. The pulp of the fungus has a tart, pepper-sharp taste( Fig.).

Fig. Klavikorona ratched

Borovik inedible( Boletus calopus)

occurs in coniferous, oak and deciduous forests, mainly on acidic sandy soil, from July to October.

Hat light brown, olive-light brown, brown or grayish-brown, smooth, occasionally wrinkled. Leg at a young age barrel-shaped, then - clavate. In the upper part it is lemon-yellow with a white fine mesh, in the middle - carmine-red, in the lower - brown-red, at the base - white.

The pulp is solid, whitish. Has a bitter taste, does not have a pronounced odor. The fungus is often confused with satanic( Fig.).

Fig. Borage not edible

Scallop comb( Lepiota cristata)

This fungus grows in coniferous, mixed and broad-leaved forests, also in vegetable gardens, meadows and pastures in the period from July to October. Cap is convex or flat-convex, whitish, covered with brownish-reddish chalices. Flesh is white, has an unpleasant taste and has a sharp odor of the skin. Plates are frequent, white. Leg is cylindrical, with a ring, hollow, yellowish in color. The ring is white, when the fungus ripens( Fig.).

Fig. Scallop comb

Inedible and possibly toxic.

Reddish Red( Clathrus ruber)

It grows irregularly in broad-leaved forests. Fruit body of the young fungus is spherical, covered with a three-layered membrane. Inside the layer there is a spongy formation in the form of a dome-shaped net, without a pedicle, mostly red( Fig.).

Fig. Sclerotum red

Rizina inflata( Rhizina inflata)

This fungus grows on sandy soil in lighted places, often on garbage and fireplaces in the period from July to October. Fruit body with convex wavy or tuberculate dark brown himenial layer. The lower surface is yellowish, with numerous rhizoid roots( Fig.).

Fig. Rizin swollen

The hyminial layer is that part of the fruit body of the fungi where spores are formed. Gleb is a spore-bearing layer of some fungi. Rizoids are filamentous formations that serve to attach to the substrate.

Pizza vyemchataya( Peziza geranda)

Often grows on fireplaces in the period from May to September. Fruit bodies are sessile or are on a short stem. The hyaline layer is brown, the outer surface is white. The flesh has a faint smell( Fig.).

Fig. Pitilum notch

Geoglassum deceptive( geoglossum cookeianum)

These mushrooms can be found on abandoned untreated meadows and glades with low grass, and also on sandy stony soils. Mushrooms grow in families, sometimes quite large, the main growth time is from August to October. The fruiting body of the geoglossum is clavate, black or dark brown in shape, resembling a tongue or a spatula, for which the fungus is also called the "earth tongue"( Fig.).

Fig. Geoglassum deceptive

The height of the fruit body is from 3 to 7 cm, the thickness is 0.3-0.7 cm. The pulp is soft, without a strong odor. The fungus is inedible.

Pear-shaped raincoat( Lycoperdon pyriforme)

Often grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, mainly on rotten stumps, less often on soil among mosses. The fruiting body is back-pear-shaped, with long, branched white mycelial cords at the base. The shell is white, later ocher. Gleb is first white, then olive-green-scarlet, olive- or gray-brown, powdery when ripe( Fig.).

Fig. Raincoat pear-shaped

Some researchers believe that it can be eaten until the flesh begins to darken.

Spiked raincoat( Lycoperdon echinatum)

It grows in deciduous and coniferous forests on soil and forest litter. Fruit body spherical with short stem. The inner shell is thin, whitish, greyish-creamy, with a rounded hole at the top( Fig.).

Fig. Raincoat spiked

Raincoat small( Lycoperdon pusillum)

This grit usually grows in steppes, forests, in meadows solitary and in small groups. Fruit body spherical, sometimes narrower to the bottom. Exoperation thin, whitish, over time - brownish-yellow, brownish( Fig.).

Fig. Raincoat small

Scleroderma warty( Scleroderma verrucosus)

occurs in pine and deciduous forests. Fruit body hemispherical, sedentary. Skin is leathery, dirty-white or yellowish. Gleb first white with yellow veins, later - gray-brown( Fig.).

Fig. Scleroderma warty

Gimnopilus beautiful( Gymnopilus junonius)

In summer and autumn, these fungi grow in bundles on the stumps of deciduous trees. The hat of the hymnopylus in youth is bright yellow, old-yellowish-brownish and scaly-fibrous, brownish, with an even edge, from 5 to 15 cm in diameter. The plates are yellowish in youth, later rusty-brown and dented, descending with a tooth. Leg long and thick, pale yellowish, elongated, with a leathery ring, under the fibrous ring( Fig.).

Fig. Gimnopilus beautiful( Gymnopilus junonius)

Flesh is yellow, very bitter. Some researchers consider the fungus to be poisonous, since it can have a dizzying effect.

Mastillas mushroom( Lactarius mammosus)

Often grows in coniferous forests on sandy soils between August and October. The cap is flat or concave-spread, often with a tubercle in the center, gray-brown, dark-brown, dark gray-brown or black-brown, sometimes with a purple hue. Plates are frequent, narrow, yellow. Leg is cylindrical, whitish, with time a channel is formed in it.

The flesh of the cap is whitish, under the skin is dark, but in the stalk, reddish-reddish, dense, sweetish( Fig.).

Fig. Mastillas of mammary gland