Air marsh
Family Aroids - Agaseae
"The yariodic name comes from the Greek name - a plant with a creeping rhizome. Species definition is derived from the Greek kalamos - reeds, reeds, because of the similarity with the latter.
Botanical Description of .A perennial herbaceous plant, up to 120 cm high, with a horizontal, branching rhizome, from which the accessory roots extend, as well as linear-xiphoid leaves and erect, flattened stalk. Leaves entire, linear with parallel venation, glabrous. At the base they are expanded into leaf vaginas, which remain on the rhizome in the form of scaly scales. Flowers small, unattractive, collected in a cylindrical-conical cob, equipped with a single-leaved wing, which in color and form is no different from the basal leaves. Perianth is simple, six-membered, stamens 6. They are located opposite the petals. Pestle one with upper, three-cavity ovary and sessile stigma. In the conditions of our clamata it does not bear fruit, but reproduces vegetatively - by pieces of rhizomes. Blooms from late May to July. From other monocotyledonous plants is distinguished by a peculiar smell of rhizomes.
Geographical spread. Air is in large numbers brought to our country during the Tatar-Mongol invasion. Crossing rivers, the invaders threw pieces of rhizomes of a living plant into them, believing that wherever the river grows, the water is suitable for drinking. With the flow of rhizome nailed to the shore, they rooted, forming thickets.
Grows in the middle belt of the European part and in the south of Siberia, in Belarus and Ukraine, where blanks are produced.
This coastal-aquatic plant grows in quiet river banks, along their banks, by streams, in lakes and ponds, on boggy soils in river valleys.
Collection and drying. Rhizomes are harvested in the fall, pulling them ashore from the muddy soil with rakes, are digged off the shores by shovels, in the marshes - by forks. When harvesting on rivers, half the plants in the group should be left to restore the thickets. Pieces of rhizomes, which are separated from the hummock, are carried away by water and, nailed to the shore, give rise to new thickets.
The rhizomes are washed with water, the roots are cut with a knife, the remains of the leaf sheaths are removed, cut into straight pieces 10-20 cm long, very thick cut along, wilted in air, and then dried in attics, in well-ventilated rooms or dryers at a temperature of 25-30°.Thus, raw materials of the second kind are obtained, which are used in medicine. For the food industry, first class rhizomes are harvested, they are freed from cork before drying. Such raw materials contain less essential oil and are rarely used in medicine.
Medicinal raw materials .Finished raw material - Rhizoma Calami rhizoma consists of cylindrical, slightly flattened untreated rhizomes up to 30 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm thick. They are light, straight or curved, sometimes branched, often cut along. The outside is yellowish-brown in color, brownish-pink in the fracture, sometimes with a yellow or greenish tint, but not brown. On the upper side of the rhizome, there are half-moon brownish scars corresponding to the nodes of this underground modified stalk, and on the lower side there are numerous small round traces from the cut off roots. The smell is strong, the taste is bitter.
If we consider a transverse fracture of the rhizome under the magnifying glass, the spongy structure of the underlying tissue( parenchyma) is seen, since this aquatic plant has a well-developed aeragenum( air parenchyma) storing air. A number of conducting beams can be detected with the naked eye.
Chemical composition. The rhizomes of calamus contain an essential oil containing various terpenoids( beta-element, calacon and acorone, isomers of isoacorone and neacorone, cadalatriene, pinene, califene, camphor borneol, eugenol, methyl eugenol, caryophyllene, proasulene), bitter glycoside acorin, tannins, up to 150 mg / 100 g of ascorbic acid.
Action and application of .The bitter substances of ara, irritating the endings of taste buds, reflexively increase the secretion of gastric juice, increase the content of hydrochloric acid in it. In small doses, ayr acts directly opposite. Essential oil enhances peristalsis, which accelerates the movement of food masses through the intestines. In addition, bitterness increases the gallbladder function of the liver, the tone of the gallbladder;has a diuretic effect. Terpenoids have an anti-inflammatory effect, and also tonic in the suppression of the central nervous system. Rhizome rhizome is used for stomach diseases, accompanied by a decrease in the secretion of gastric juice( anatzidnyh and gipatsidnyh gastritis, peptic ulcer disease), as well as colitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis. To this end, prepare infusions and decoctions from 10.0-15.0 g. Raw materials for 200.0 g. Of water and take 2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day for 20-30 minutes before meals.
Is also used as a means to stimulate appetite and improve digestion.
Components of essential oil, irritating sensitive receptors for external application, promote the expansion of blood vessels of the skin, which favors hair strengthening and faster growth.
Powder of rhizomes of aira is a part of the tablets "Vikair" and "Vikalin", widely used for the treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis with high acidity, and cut rootstocks are included in the fees designated for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
The rhizome of air and essential oil from them are used in the perfumery and cosmetics industry.
Rhizome thick, inside white, spongy, branched, creeping, seated from below with numerous roots. Flower stem trihedral with grooves on the inside. The leaves are bright yellow, collected by individual bundles on the ends of the branches of the rhizome. Flowers are small, greenish-yellow, collected in the cob. Blooms from late May to July.
Used rhizomes( ayr root), excavated in autumn or early winter, when the water level decreases. The smell is fragrant, the taste is spicy-bitter.
There are arid thickets in swamps, along the banks of rivers and lakes in the middle and southern parts of Russia.
The whole plant( especially the rhizome) contains an essential oil consisting of pinene, camphene, camphor, borneol, eugenol, etc., glycosite-acorone, alkaloid-calaline, ascorbic acid, tannins, mucus, starch, phytoncides.
In medicine, calamus is used as a bitter taste to stimulate appetite, improve digestion, better removal of gases from the intestine, to tone the central nervous system when it is oppressed, as an expectorant;that is, the acorin increases the excitability to taste irritation and enhances the reflex compartment of the gastric juice. Decoction of the rhizome increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid, especially in patients with a decreased secretion of gastric contents.
It is established that the extract from the plant causes analgesia and lowers arterial pressure.
In folk medicine rhizomes of aira are used in the form of broths, infusions( on cold water), tinctures, and sometimes in the form of powder for internal use. Drink with liver disease, bladder, with nervous diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, fever;when rheumatism drink alcohol tincture and rub the sore spots, a decoction of milk is given to children with epilepsy, chewed with heartburn, toothache;at female diseases do douching by water broth;also water decoction wash the head to strengthen the hair, drink from lichens and wash the affected areas, with intermittent fever apply inside, the powder is sprinkled with putrefactive wounds.
These drugs are also used for jaundice, malaria, scrofula, exudative diathesis, rickets, scurvy. In diseases of the kidneys and bladder( inflammation), they are not only consumed inside, but also applied externally in the form of sedentary baths, for which not only the rhizomes but also the leaves of the plant are used.
Powder from the rhizome of calamus is ingested( with heartburn, inflammation of the kidneys and bladder) and externally, mixing it, for example, with tooth powder. This use of powder replaces the rinsing with a decoction of the roots. This tool is especially necessary for strengthening the gums in alveolar pyorrhea and other types of loosening of the gums.
It is very useful to introduce a rhizome of aira in the composition of teas from rickets and scrofula. Willingly apply it to the people in a mixture with the burdock root and marigold flowers to wash the head as an anti-hair loss remedy. It is used with reduced acidity, as well as gastric ulcer. Dry and store the rhizomes of ayr, after cleaning them.
Tincture, decoction is used for diseases of the biliary tract, kidney stones and malaria.
Application of
Infusion or decoction is prepared as follows: 1 tbsp. A spoonful of crushed dry rhizome is poured with one glass of cold water( infusion) or boiling water( decoction).Rhizomes are insisted for 8 hours, broth - 20 minutes;take 1 tbsp.spoon 3 times a day before meals.
Tincture: 20 g of crushed rhizome per 100 ml of alcohol or vodka, insist for 8 hours in a warm place, often shaking;strain and ingest 20 drops 3 times a day. Apply the tincture to the tooth on the cotton wool.
Tincture of rhizomes of ara of marsh is prepared as follows: 20 g of ara for 100 ml of 40-degree alcohol, insist for 2 weeks, filter, squeeze out, filter, store in a dark cool place in a dark bottle.
Take 15-30 drops 2-3 times daily before meals.
It is used for the treatment of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, with achilias, diarrhea. Less commonly used for cholecystitis, hepatitis, urolithiasis.
Tincture from ayr marsh from an ulcer
The following tincture is also very useful to you if you suffer from duodenal ulcers or stomach ulcers, from chronic gastritis, diarrhea of various origins and from achilles.
Also sometimes used to treat cholecystitis, urolithiasis and all types of hepatitis.
Requires: 5 parts of ordinary 40% vodka, 1 part of rhizomes of ayr marsh.
Method of preparation. The crushed air is mixed with vodka and infused in dark glassware in a dark place for 14 days. After that, the tincture is filtered and stored in a bottle of dark glass in a dark and cool place.
How to use. The dose for an adult patient is 15-30 drops 2-3 times daily before meals.
Tincture of the roots of calamous aure for farsightedness
Required:
2 tbsp.spoons of crushed roots of ayr marsh, 250 ml of vodka.
Method of preparation.
Roots pour vodka and insist for 8 days.
How to use.
Take tincture 3 times a day for 20 drops before meals.
There are contraindications to the application of tinctures of magnolia vine and marsh aura: stomach diseases, insomnia, diseases of the cardiovascular system, including arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Infusion of calamus aira
Requires: 50 g of crushed rhizome root of marsh, 40 g of crushed rhizome of erect foot, 40 g of calendula flowers, 1 glass of beer.
Method of preparation.1 tbsp.l.collect a glass of hot beer, insist 2 hours and strain.
How to use. Take 1 / 4-1 / 3 cup 3 times a day for ischemic heart disease.
Infusion of marsh infusions with infectious mononucleosis
Required:
1 teaspoon rhizomes of moor aurea, 250 ml of water.
Method of preparation.
Rhizome rhizomes pour boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, then strain.
How to use.
Take 1/2 cup 4 times a day for 30 minutes before meals.
It is recommended to take 30 drops of Echinacea tincture 3 times a day during meals. The reception of Echinacea stimulates the immune system.
Decoction of root ayr marsh for urolithiasis
Required:
2 tbsp.spoons of root aira, 2 cups of honey.
Method of preparation.
Root the ground, mix with honey, heat 10 minutes in a water bath.
Required:
2 tbsp.spoon of root aira, 250 ml of water.
Method of preparation.
Root the ground, pour boiling water, boil for 15 minutes in a water bath, insist for 1 hour, strain.
Mixture from hair loss( external remedy) : rhizome of ayr - 20 g, burdock root - 20 g, marigold flowers - 10 g, hop cones - 15 g. All this is mixed, brewed in 1 liter of boiling water and applied to wet the head onnight.
Tincture, according to Chinese doctors, improves eyesight and hearing. Chew the root during epidemics of cholera, spanish and typhus.