Tuberculosis of the lung - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Despite all modern advances in medicine, tuberculosis continues to be one of the most common infectious diseases. According to experts from the WHO( World Health Organization), annual deaths from tuberculosis exceed 4 million, every third inhabitant of the Earth is infected with tuberculosis, and this figure continues to grow every year.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a pathogen belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

Causes of development of tuberculosis of the lungs

The causative agent of tuberculosis was discovered in 1882 by the scientist R. Koch, as a result of which the name Koch's wand is still widespread.

Tuberculosis is a typical infectious disease. Tuberculosis is caused by several representatives of the genus Mycobacterium. The following are of greatest clinical importance: :

1) Mycobacterium.tuberculosis humanus. Has the greatest distribution. It is associated with the development of 85% of all cases of tuberculosis in humans.

2) Mycobacterium.tuberculosis africanus. As the name implies, it is prevalent mainly in African countries. The leading cause( up to 90% of cases) of tuberculosis development in this region.

3) Mycobacterium tuberculosis microti. It is common among small rodents( mouse type).A person causes disease, but very rarely.

4) Mycobacterium.tuberculosis bovines. Type of causative agent causing disease in about 15% of cases. This particular type of mycobacteria served as the basis for the creation of the BCG vaccine( BCG) used in our country.

The significant properties of mycobacteria are the pathogenicity of , that is, the ability to live and reproduce in the organs and tissues of living organisms, for example, humans.

Also mycobacteria possess a very pronounced virulence - the ability to intensively multiply and cause a pronounced immune response.

Infection occurs mainly by airborne droplets by .The probability of infection depends on the activity of your own immune system, on the duration of contact with the pathogen and on its concentration( the dose that has arrived).In the presence of favorable conditions, mycobacteria can persist in the environment for up to six months.

Very rarely, tuberculosis infection occurs when eating contaminated food from sick animals. First of all, these are dairy products and eggs.

From infection to the body before the development of symptoms of the disease( the incubation period of tuberculosis) can take decades.

People with chronic diseases( diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, HIV, etc.), migrants, refugees, people without a specific place of residence, drug addicts, patients with mental illness, as well as people inplaces of imprisonment.

Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis

In accordance with the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis and changes in the roentgenogram, several clinical forms of tuberculosis are immediately identified.

Symptoms of tuberculosis are composed of symptoms of general intoxication and symptoms of lung damage:

What tests will have to be taken if you suspect of pulmonary tuberculosis

Obligatory tests to be done if tuberculosis is suspected

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

Cure of tuberculosis is possible only as a result of a whole complex of antituberculouspreparations. Scheme of appointment, the dose used and the duration of treatment for tuberculosis is determined only by the doctor. The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is long and is calculated in months. In our country, phthisiatricians and pulmonologists are engaged in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Almost all anti-TB drugs can be divided into two groups: basic and backup.

Basic - this is the most effective drugs with a minimum of side effects. It is with them that treatment is started in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.

Read more Treatment of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis

Prophylactic treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

With a sharp increase in the Mantoux reaction, and in cases when there is still no change for another type of examination, a TB specialist can prescribe a prophylactic treatment for tuberculosis with 1-2 drugs. It is suspected that the patient has an extremely high risk of early stages of the disease. The usual duration of treatment is 2 months.

Sanatorium treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

The most important stage of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is sanatorium treatment. It is recommended for all patients at the stage of convalescence( recovery), as well as for mild degrees of severity of the disease. The method is contraindicated with open forms of the disease, bacterial release, miliary tuberculosis. The method of sanatorium-and-spa treatment of tuberculosis shows itself perfectly in the complex treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Positive influence is achieved due to the complex effects of climatic factors, therapeutic physical training, diet nutrition.

Tuberculosis during pregnancy

Most often, the presence of tuberculosis is a contraindication for maintaining a pregnancy. The fact that the development of pregnancy can activate the course of the disease, and the treatment is extremely toxic to the fetus. In addition, cases of intrauterine infection of fetal tuberculosis from an infected mother are described.

Treatment of tuberculosis with folk remedies

The basis for the treatment of tuberculosis should be official medicines of "classical" medicine. Traditional methods and means of treatment occupy only a supporting role in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and can NEVER replace a full-fledged drug treatment.

Several popular folk remedies and prescriptions from tuberculosis

Features of nutrition and lifestyle with pulmonary tuberculosis

Huge nutrition in the treatment of tuberculosis is of great importance. The patient on the background of treatment, and after him, too, must eat meat products, fresh fruits and vegetables daily.

Practice shows that daily consumption of milk and fermented milk products slightly reduces the severity of side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
No alcohol on the background of treatment!

If there are cases of tuberculosis, it is necessary to thoroughly disinfect the room.

Read more Features of Nutrition and Lifestyle with Lung TB

Tuberculosis in children

Unfortunately, tuberculosis is also common in children, as in adult patients. In childhood, tuberculosis is often characterized by a more severe course, which is associated with the age-specific features of the functioning of the immune system. The most common are disseminated( common) forms of the disease, the development of tuberculous sepsis, the appearance of extrapulmonary foci( tuberculosis of the kidney, tuberculosis meningitis, etc.).Often, tuberculosis is long taken and treated as a prolonged or chronic bronchitis.

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children is carried out on the same principles as in adult patients.

Read more Tuberculosis of the lungs in children

Possible complications of pulmonary tuberculosis and the prediction of

Tuberculosis is a very serious disease, the occurrence of which can lead to the development of a number of complications. Typical are the occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage or hemoptysis, pulmonary or cardiopulmonary insufficiency, pneumothorax( due to a violation of the integrity of the lung tissue air enters the thoracic cavity, which leads to a complete or partial decrease in lung and development of respiratory failure), amylidosis, etc.

The development of pulmonary tuberculosis almost always leads to the sclerosis of lung tissue, the appearance of scars and calcifications. The prevalence of these "residual" phenomena depends on the initial size of the focus and on the clinical form of the disease.

In the absence of treatment, mortality from tuberculosis reaches 50% during the first two years of the disease.

Prevention of tuberculosis

The timely detection of active bacterioviruses, their isolation and timely treatment is of the greatest importance in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Bulk vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG vaccine does not save you from the onset of the disease( analyze the situation: almost 100% of the population is vaccinated, and there are not less patients), but is the prevention of severe forms of the disease.

Adequate nutrition plays an important role in the prevention of tuberculosis. The daily diet should contain a sufficient number of proteins, vitamins and calories. Practice shows that people sitting voluntarily or forced on diets are more likely to get pulmonary tuberculosis.

Answers to frequently asked questions about pulmonary tuberculosis:

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis development?

The child was given a referral to the X-ray of the lungs to exclude tuberculosis( an increase in the Mantoux test for the year from 3 millimeters to 10 millimeters).Is radiation exposure dangerous? To the child of 5 years.

How often can you make a Mantoux test?

How long does the child undergo treatment in a hospital and can I always stay there with a child?

When removed from the register after treatment of tuberculosis?

What additional examination should be performed in the tube.dspansere about the bend of the mantu, if the analysis of urine, blood and chest X-ray is normal and is it shown in this case, preventive treatment( Child allergic)?

Is it possible to reject the annual Mantoux test in the presence of contraindications and how to replace it?