Desmurgy

Desmurgia - the science of bandaging.

The bandage bandages are most widely used. Distinguish:

• narrow bandages 3-5-7 cm;

• average 10-12 cm;

• wide 14-16 cm.

Narrow bandages are used for bandaging of fingers, medium - for dressing of head, hand, forearm, foot, shin, wide - for bandaging of thorax, hip, breast.

A properly applied dressing should meet the following requirements.

1. Close the diseased part of the body.

2. Do not disturb the lymph and circulatory system.

3. Be comfortable for the patient.

4. If possible, should be aesthetically imposed.

When applying bandages, the following rules must be observed.

1. The patient should be laid or seated so that the bandage is fixed and is available for bandaging.

2. When binding, the nurse must face the patient.

3. Bandaging is carried out from the periphery to the center( bottom to top), from left to right, except for special bandages.

4. Binding to begin with the fixing tour of bandage.

5. Each subsequent rotation of the bandage should cover the previous turn by half or by 2/3.

6. It is necessary to bandage with both hands: roll out the head of a bandage with one hand, another to straighten its moves, evenly pulling bandages.

7. When applying bandages on body parts that have a conical shape( thigh, drumstick, forearm), it is necessary to make a twist every 1-2 turns of bandage to better fit the bandage.

There are the following types of bandage dressings.

1. Circular or circular bandage, when all sides of the bandage lie on top of each other and completely cover each other. It is imposed on a limb, in the region of the lower leg and forearm, on the forehead, neck, abdomen.

2. Spiral bandage is a kind of circular. Bandage is carried from the bottom up, covering the previous turn by half or by 2/3

3. The creeping bandage is a kind of spiral.

It is used as a preliminary step at the beginning of the bandaging to retain material applied to the wound. Then usually go to a typically spiral bandage.

4. An eight-shaped( or cross-shaped) dressing. Apply when applying bandages on the back of the neck, chest, brush.

5. A spicate bandage. Usually applied to the shoulder joint and supraclavicular area.

Bintuya, it should be remembered that the right shoulder joint is banded clockwise, the left one is against.

6. Turtle bandage can be converging and divergent, it is imposed on the area of ​​the elbow, knee joints.

7. A return bandage is used if it is necessary to completely cover the peripheral part of the limb( brush, foot), on the stump, head.

8. A sash dressing is applied to the nose, chin, crotch. You can make it quickly and easily. Take a piece of bandage 50-70 cm long, cut from the ends along so that an uncut piece of bandage 10-15 cm long remains in the middle. The uncut piece is placed on the nose or chin, and the ends of the bandage are crossed and tied on the back of the head.

An anatomical crotch bandage is tied to a belt made of bandage.

Bandage bandages on separate parts of the body.

I. Bandages on the head.

1. "The Cap of Hippocrates".It is necessary to prepare a bandage with two heads. Use a bandage 10 cm wide. The dressing is applied as follows: take both heads of the bandage in different hands. The free part of the bandage between the two heads is laid below the occiput. Both bandages rotate towards each other and cross in the middle of the forehead. The head of the bandage makes circular turns, all the time secures the second bandage, which is in the left hand and makes returning turns. In this case, each returning turn covers the previous one by 1/2 until it closes the scalp completely.

2. Chepets. It is irreplaceable for severe patients and, if necessary, to apply a pressure bandage to stop bleeding. At first, a bandage about a meter in length is cut from the bandage and placed in the middle on the crown. The assistant to the sister or the patient( if conscious) holds the ends of the string with both hands.

Make an anchoring tour around the head( forehead and nape), reaching the string. Then the bandage is wrapped around the string and led along the neck to the bandage on the other side, again wrapped and led farther around the head, slightly higher than the first round. Repeated strokes of bandage completely cover the scalp. Bandage around the head or tie its end to one of the straps, and the straps tie under the chin.

3. Bandage on one eye. The bandage on the right eye is imposed from right to left, to the left eye - from left to right. The fixing motion is carried around the head, the second stroke is allowed behind the back of the neck under the ear obliquely through the cheek and close the sore eye.

4. Bandage on both eyes. First make a circular tour around the head. The next round of bandage is lowered along the head and forehead obliquely down, close the left eye and lead around the nape under the right ear, come out from under the ear on the cheek and close the right eye, i.e. All the moves of the bandage come out from under the ear, close the eye and cross over in the nose bridge. The last move is a fixing tour around the head.

5. The bandage on the back of the neck and the back of the neck is a typical eight-shaped bandage. An anchorage around the head, then a bandage leads above and behind the left ear on the neck or back of the head;then the bandage goes around the neck to the right in front, goes to the back of the neck from the bottom and goes up. After that - again fixing the tour around the head. The main cross-dressing is on the back of the neck and the back of the head.

6. Bandage on the ear "Neapolitan cap".Very easy to apply, but it does not hold up well. Bandage circularly, descending on the sick side all the lower and lower, closing the ear.

II.Bandages on the upper limb.

1. The wrist and elbow joints are a cruciform or eight-shaped bandage.

2. Spiral bandage of the finger. The first round of the bandage around the wrist band, the second lead obliquely through the rear of the brush to the end of the thumb, and the bandage bandages the entire finger up to its base with three or four rounds of bandage, from where the bandage goes along the rear of the wrist and the wrist joint.

3. Bandage on the entire wrist - type of return bandage. First it is superimposed together on four fingers, and then on the thumb separately. The dressing is called "mittens".

4. Bandage on the forearm. In the lower third of the forearm impose a typical circular bandage, in the middle and upper - spiral with kinks.

5. Bandage on the shoulder joint - type of spicate bandage. The restorative tour is carried out around the upper third of the shoulder, then the bandage goes into the armpit on the opposite side, along the front surface of the chest and shoulder joint in the armpit on the sore side and again after the overlap in the shoulder region - in the armpit on the healthy side. The bandage is fixed around the upper third of the shoulder.

III.Bandages on the chest.

1. The spiral bandage is easy to apply, but it often gets knocked out, so for greater strength, the skin is greased with a glue before applying. Use a wide bandage( 20 cm).Initially, cut the string 1 m long and lay it on the forearms so that one end is in front, the other from behind. Circular strokes bandage the thorax from below upwards to the axillary basins. The end of the bandage is sewn to the bandage. Free ends of the strap tie on the opposite shoulder.

2. The dressing of Deso.

Shown if necessary to fix the chest to the hand. The first round of bandage is always conducted towards the sick arm around the trunk and the shoulder pressed to the trunk. Before applying the bandage to the armpit, insert a small cotton-gauze roll.

The second round of the bandage passes through the axilla of the healthy side along the front surface of the chest obliquely on the shoulder of the patient's side, where the bandage descends down the back surface of the chest on the shoulder of the patient's side. The fourth round passes along the front surface of the shoulder to the elbow and then through the back to the armpit basin of the healthy side.

Repeat the turns of the bandage. With properly applied bandage, the shoulder and forearm of the patient are tightly attached to the body.

3. Bandage of Velpo. The patient's arm is bent at an acute angle in the elbow joint and laid on the forearm with a brush. In the armpit is inserted a small cotton-gauze roll. The first round of the bandage leads from the patient arm around the shoulder and trunk, the second round - from the healthy axillary hollow to the affected shoulder, then along the front surface of the shoulder - under the elbow joint, along the front surface of the chest - to the healthy side. After that, the bandages are repeated until the shoulder and forearm are firmly pressed against the trunk.

4. Breast bandage. The right mammary gland is bandaged from left to right, respectively, to the left mammary gland - from right to left. Correctly applied bandage slightly lifts the mammary gland. First, make a circular move below the mammary gland, then approximately from the xiphoid process the bandage goes to the opposite shoulder and from the armpit again goes to the chest, then the bandages are repeated.

IV.Bandages on the abdomen and pelvis.

Due to the fact that bandages on the abdominal area require many bandages, are difficult to apply, easily contaminated, use as often aseptic stickers. However, with injuries to the buttocks, the perineum without a good bandage is indispensable. Bandages with a width of 20 cm are used for bandages.

1. A spicate bandage. Conduct a circular bandage around the waist, then make a loop through the groin on the back of the thigh and again along the front side of the thigh and abdomen to the waist.

2. Bandage on the crotch. An anchoring tour around the waist. The next moves are eightfold through the crotch. For strength, the bandage is strengthened with additional passages through the thigh, as in a spicate bandage.

3. You can impose a sling-like bandage on the crotch, attaching it to a belt made of bandage.

V. Dressings of lower extremities.

1. An eight-shaped bandage is applied to the knee and ankle joint area.

2. On the toes of the foot - similar to the bandages on the fingers of the hand.

3. The spiral bandage is well supported on the lower leg.

4. Bandage of the hip. Begin in the lower third with a spiral bandage, which in the upper third turns into spiky and ends with anchoring rounds around the waist.

5. Bandage on the entire foot with fingers. It is superimposed on the type of the returning one. The first round( fixing) is done over the ankle joint, then several moves along the lateral surfaces of the foot, then the whole foot is closed from the toes to the heel with spiral moves.

Complete with a circular bandage around the ankle joint.

6. Bandage for the whole groan without fingers. On the right foot, bandaging starts from the outside, on the left - from the inside. The first move goes along the lateral surface of the foot from the heel towards the fingers of the groaning, the second move - around the foot in the transverse direction, the third - again along the lateral surface of the foot. An anchoring tour is around the ankle joint.

7. Dressing on the heel area. The first tour of the bandage goes through the heel of the hill, the second and third - above and below the first, the fourth perpendicular to the first rounds through the heel. Finish with a fixing tour around the ankle joint.