First emergency aid for acute allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock

The most important of the acute allergic reactions are allergic urticaria( occurs most often), Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock.

Factors that caused an allergic reaction could be food products, medications, cosmetics, animal hair, plant pollen, and much more. Allergies can cause almost any substance. It is necessary to carefully collect the anamnesis, although in many cases it is not possible to establish an allergen.

Allergic urticaria is manifested in the form of bright pink spotted rashes on the skin of various sizes, irregular shape, sometimes draining. Can be located on any part of the body. As a rule, itching is accompanied by strong itching, there are traces of scratching on the skin. Occurs after a few minutes or hours after contact with the allergen.

Quincke edema is a region of dense pale edema, usually in areas of fusion of hives. There may also develop edema of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and other internal organs( visceral edema).This causes the corresponding clinical manifestations - dyspnea, pain in the chest and abdomen, dizziness, headache, etc.

Anaphylactic shock develops as a result of a sharp increase in the capacity of the vascular bed and the loss of large amounts of plasma, which leads to a decrease in the mass of circulating blood, a drop in blood pressure andunfolded picture of shock.

The development of acute asphyxia as a result of spasm and edema of bronchial mucosa is also a life-threatening condition.

Emergency care for hives:

1) pipofen, tavegil, suprastin or diphenhydramine in an amount of 1 -2 ml with 10 ml of saline intravenously;

2) in the case of extensive skin lesions, as well as with Quinck's swelling, 30-60 mg of prednisolone intravenously is administered additionally.

Anaphylactic shock is the immediate reaction of the body to contact with an allergen.

Emergency care:

In the absence of necessary medicines, additional methods are used - gastric lavage, cleansing enema, giving the patient 5-10 tablets of activated charcoal, a tablespoon of 5-10% calcium chloride solution( its intravenous administration is also permissible), 2-3tablets dimedrol, suprastin, lubricate the skin abundantly( especially in places of contact with the allergen and in the area of ​​edema) with an ointment containing prednisolone or hydrocortisone( sometimes in medicine kits in the form of ophthalmic ointments).

1) stop allergen access( if this is the case);

2) to lay the patient with the purpose of excluding tongue lancing and aspiration of vomit;

3) apply a tourniquet above the site of the insect bite or introduce a medicinal product;

4) enter intravenously or intramuscularly epinephrine, norepinephrine or mesethon;

5) inject intravenously drip or drop prednisolone 60-100 mg with 5% glucose solution;

6) to administer intravenous or intramuscular antihistamines after lifting blood pressure;

7) symptomatic treatment( eufillin, korglikon, lasix).

Patients with urticaria in the case of effective care( loss of itching, blanching and reduction of the rash) can be left at home. It is recommended to continue taking antihistamines up to 3 times a day and pass the "active challenge" to the local doctor. Patients with Quinck edema and respiratory disorders are subject to compulsory admission to the therapeutic department. Patients with anaphylactic shock are delivered to the intensive care unit or transferred to the intensive care team.