Examination of the rectum: available methods

Modern medicine has a large set of special tools for diagnosing various diseases and researching the rectum.

Highlights the main survey methods:

• Anoscopy;
• Recto-manoscopy;
• MRI;
• Clinical and biochemical blood tests;
• Study of stool for the presence of dysbiosis;
• Finger examination;
• Fibrocolonoscopy;
• Colonoscopy.

The most simple and initial methods of conducting studies are clinical and biochemical blood tests, as well as feces for the presence of dysbiosis.

Finger rectal examination

This research technique is mandatory for the diagnosis of rectal disease. Indications for its conduct are complaints of the patient for abdominal pain, the presence of violations in the functions of the small pelvis and the activity of the intestine.

Finger examination of the rectum helps to assess the condition of the muscles of the anus, as well as to reveal the pathological changes of the anal canal and rectum, to estimate the degree and type of the disease.

Examination of the rectum is carried out in various positions of the patient: it can be in the knee-elbow position, on the back in the gynecological chair, lying with the legs bent on its side. The choice of the position basically depends on the state of the patient's condition, as well as on the experience and knowledge of the doctor who, guided by the history of the illness, can determine the optimal position for carrying out this study. It is impossible to carry out the analysis in this way, if the patient has a sharp narrowing of the anus and soreness of the anal canal.

Anoscopy: Instrumental Research Method

Here, the examination of the rectum is performed using a special instrument that is inserted through the anus. Direct indications for the analysis are pain in the anus, the discharge of blood, mucus and even pus, frequent constipation or diarrhea, as well as suspicion of problems with the rectum.

This method of examination is an additional form to the digital rectal method. Before starting the procedure, it is necessary to clean the bowels.

Recto-Maskoscopy

This method of researching the rectum is the most common and reliable. With the help of a sigmoidoscope, the examination of the rectum is carried out at a depth of 30-35 cm from the anus.

Direct indications for this type of diagnosis are pain in the anus, excretion of pus, mucus and blood, as well as irregular stool, its violations and suspicions of problems with the sigmoid colon. Also this method is very effectively used for preventive examination and early detection of malignant neoplasms.

Before starting the procedure, you must carefully prepare the colon and perform a purification. The procedure itself is as follows: the rectoscope is inserted into the anal passage and slowly advanced forward. If pain develops in the process, they must be reported to the doctor, as in some cases, damage to the rectum may occur. Basically, this procedure is almost painless and does not require special training.

Colonoscopy

This type of examination is by far the most informative and effective in detecting benign and malignant tumors. The very first indication for examination is suspected of having a tumor, severe bleeding, obstruction and foreign bodies.

The procedure is as follows: through the anus in the colon enter the colonoscope and gradually move it forward, while for the expansion of the lumen of the intestine it is pumped into the air. After completion of the procedure, it is pumped out using an endoscope.

To conduct this type of examination is contraindicated in the presence of a patient of infectious diseases, pulmonary and cardiac failure, as well as those who suffer from an acute form of ulcerative and ischemic colitis.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging is an indispensable assistant to the doctor in detecting colorectal cancer. It is simply necessary when it is necessary to assess the extent of the spread of the tumor process, to choose the right treatment tactics, to decide on the advisability of surgical intervention.

This method is also used to evaluate the results of the treatment. MRI in the diagnosis of cancer helps to visualize the tumor, determine its upper and lower boundaries, the extent of lateral spread and control the results after chemotherapy.