Theatrical games: what is it for, what is needed, the classification
The well-known classifications of theatrical games do not take into account their main essence - the means of image used by the participants of the game. I would differentiate the theatrical games, depending on these leading ways of emotional expressiveness, through which they play the topic, the plot.
I suggest all the theatrical games divided into two main groups: directing games and drama games.
For director's games in the kindergarten, I would include a table, shadow theater, a flannelette theater. Here the child or adult himself is not an actor, he creates scenes, plays the role of a toy character - a three-dimensional or planar character. He acts for him, portrays him with intonation, facial expressions. The pantomime of the child is limited. After all, he acts as a motionless or inactive figure, a toy.
Dramatizations are based on the actor's own actions, which can use bibabo dolls or characters on his fingers. The child or the adult in this case plays himself, mainly using his means of expressiveness - intonation, facial expressions, pantomime.
TABLE THEATRAL GAMES
Table toy theater. In this theater used a variety of toys - factory and homemade, from natural and any other material. Here the imagination is not limited, the main thing is that toys and crafts stand on the table and do not interfere with the movement.
Table Theater pictures. All the pictures - characters and scenery - do not forget to make two-sided, as the turns are inevitable, and that the figures do not fall, you need supports that can be the most diverse, but necessarily fairly stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of weight or area of support with the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the more or more weight the support area is needed.
The actions of toys and pictures in the desktop theater are limited. But do not lift them and move them from place to place. It is important to simulate the necessary movement: running, jumping, walking and simultaneously pronouncing the text. The character's state, his mood is conveyed by the leader's intonation - joyful, sad, plaintive.
Characters are best hidden before starting the game. Their appearance in the course of the action creates an element of surprise, arouses the interest of children.
In order to create a view of the scene, use decor elements: two or three trees - a forest, green cloth or paper on a table - a lawn, a blue ribbon - a trickle. Do not spend a lot of time on such preparations and attract children to them, teach them to fantasize, invent new original details for scenery - and then everyone will become interested.
POSTED THEATRAL GAMES
Stand-book. Dynamics, the sequence of events can easily be represented with the help of successive illustrations. For games of the type of travel it is convenient to use the stand-book. Strengthen it on the bottom of the board. On the top place the transport on which the trip takes place. In the course of the trip, the presenter( first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the pages of the book stand, demonstrates various scenes depicting events, meetings that take place on the road. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of the kindergarten, if on each page a new regime process is depicted.
Flanelograph. Pictures are good to show on the screen. Holds their grip flannel, which tightened the screen and the back of the picture. Instead of flannel, you can paste on the pictures and pieces of emery or velvet paper. Draw pictures together with children from old books, magazines, and the missing ones can be finished. This gives the guys pleasure. Use and natural material.
A variety of screens allow you to create "live" pictures that can be conveniently displayed to the entire group of children. On the screens-prisms can work in pairs simultaneously all the guys during classes. Scenes on the screens are different, and children will be able to see the variety of options for displaying the same theme.
This kind of games allows you to easily depict mass scenes, for example, "Air Parade", "Flight of Birds", "Launching a Space Rocket", etc.
Shadow Theater. Here you need a screen of translucent paper, expressively carved black plane characters and a bright light behind them, through which the characters cast shadows on the screen. Very interesting images are obtained with the help of fingers. For example, you can make a goose, a hare, barking dog, an angry turkey, fighting boxers, etc. Do not forget to only accompany the show with the appropriate sound.
To display a scene with several characters at the same time, set the bar at the bottom of the screen, on which you can strengthen the figure. For example, first pulls the turnip grandfather. Strengthen his figure on the bar and display the headstock, etc. Place the figures near the screen to make the shadows clear. Themselves settle down below or to the side of the screen, so that your shadow does not fall on it.
Shadow Theater is good for use during leisure hours.
Different character design: from the ball( make a hole in the ball, glue the eye-buttons, make a hair out of the thread or draw a felt-tip pen.) You can insert a finger into the hole with a handkerchief on it or insert any rod);from the sock,( fill the sock with rags, insert it into the ruler.) Fasten everything with a rope or elastic band);from the clothespin( wrap one end of the clothespin with an adhesive plaster, draw a face and clothes on it, attach any cap on top);from two pieces of fabric sewn together( make a pattern of a doll made of two pieces of fabric, sew them together, leaving holes for hands.) You can draw a face).
VARIETY OF THE GAMING-DRAMATING
Participating in drama-games, the child enters into the image, reincarnates into it, lives his life. This is perhaps the most difficult execution, since it does not rely on any materialized sample.
Attribute is a character attribute that symbolizes its typical properties. For example, a typical mask of the beast, cut out of paper, a cap, apron( elements of work clothes), a kokoshnik, a wreath, a belt( elements of a national dress), etc., the child puts on. To create the same image he must himself - with the help of intonation, facial expressions, gestures, movements.
If you do not have a full costume to play a role, do not bother yourself or others by making it. Ask the children what character trait is most typical. Using it, create an emblem, which all immediately recognize the depicted hero. Convince the guys that the main thing is how they perform their roles - like or not. However, do not require and great accuracy of performance, do not spoil the mood of children during the game. Skill will come gradually - after repeated playing the role and observation of peers.
Games-dramatization with fingers. Attributes the child puts on his fingers, but, like in dramatization, he acts for the character whose image is on his hand. In the course of the action, the child moves one or all of his fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen. You can do without a screen and depict actions, moving freely around the room.
Finger theater is good when it is necessary to show several characters simultaneously. For example, in the fairy tale "Repka" new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can show one child with the help of his fingers. The fairy tale "Goat and the Seven Goats", "Twelve Months", "Malchish-Kibalchish", "Geese-swans" and others with a lot of characters can show two, three children who are located behind the screen. The display of such tales with mass scenes is possible due to finger attributes.
Games-dramatization with dolls bibabo.
In these games, fingers are put on the doll. The movements of her head, arms, and trunk are performed with the help of finger movements, hands.
Bibabo dolls usually act on a screen behind which the guide is hidden. But when the game is familiar or the children themselves drive the dolls, that is, the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the leading ones can go out to the audience, communicate with them, give them something, take someone by the hand, involve them in the game, etc. This "exposure" does not reduce, but rather raises the interest and activity of the guys.
When children see an adult playing with bibabo dolls, they will probably also want to learn how to drive them themselves. If the doll is large for a child's hand, then two fingers can be inserted into the head instead of one. Shorten the sleeves of the doll so that the child's fingers enter the cartilages of the hands. You can make dolls for children's hands. To do this, well-preserved parts from old broken toys, soft animals will come in handy. Dress them up and make up for the right role. Show the guys how to move the doll, how to drive it on the screen.
Improvisation - playing the topic, the plot without preliminary preparation - perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. It prepares all the previous types of theater. And yet the children will be at a loss if you suddenly ask them to play one or another scene. Prepare them for this - together come up with a theme, discuss how to depict it, what roles will be, the characteristic episodes.
The next step - let each participant of the game depict the theme in his own way. And an even more difficult task: the child chooses the topic and plays it himself. Next time the guys themselves ask each other topics. And finally, with the help of facial expressions, intonation, an attribute, one can think of a riddle. The answer is a theme that is also played out.
Theatrical games as a kind of story-role games retain their typical characteristics: content, creative intent, role, plot, role and organizational actions and relationships. The source of all these components is the world around us. He is also a support for the creativity of the teacher and children. Each topic can be played in several variants.
Nevertheless, in contrast to the story-role, theatrical games develop according to a pre-prepared scenario, based on the content of a fairy tale, a poem, a story. Ready plot as it leads the game. But, facilitating the development of the topic, it also reduces the creative decision of its educator and children. All the current practical recommendations to the theatrical games are reduced mainly to the development of scripts for literary works, most of which are played by adults. Older preschoolers are sometimes attracted to performances of plays, but their creativity consists only in their own emotional expression of the role played.
Children rarely participate in the preparation of attributes, scenery for the performance. Most often they are offered ready-made costumes, which, of course, pleases the guys, but at the same time, their independence and creativity are constrained. Without denying the subject of ready-made scenarios, I want to show in this book how they can be creatively used in theatrical games, so that children can improvise on topics taken from life( a funny event, an interesting event, a good deed).It is useful to find different options for the development of each topic, as if in the long term to see the results of their deeds, actions, etc.
Creative and independent development of the topic, the search for various options for its solution is facilitated by a reasonable combination of one-of-a-kind means of playing various games. This allows children to use all the image methods they know.
For the first time the game is best done on a flannel. It allows you to freely simulate and simultaneously record various situations. The table theater of toys and pictures also has the same properties. In addition, it is convenient to simulate the movement of cars, pedestrians, animals and other characters.
It's harder to play with bibabo dolls if you do not know how to drive them. They must constantly move, like living, they can not be fixed on a plane or table. But with them you can create many funny scenes and use these same dolls in repeated games, constantly supporting the interest of the guys to them.
All listed types of theatrical games require the direction and pronunciation of replicas. It also requires expressive intonations, typical for a certain image, characterizing his actions and behavior, and the corresponding facial expression, complementing the game of voice. The image of the behavior of the characters is complicated in the game-dramatizations. Pantomime becomes here the leading visual medium. The image is born from the actions of the character, facial expressions, intonations and content replicas. All this provides scope for the creative transformation of a familiar story.
When playing scenes in the same order as suggested in the book, the independent play of children is facilitated and conditions are created for the creative solution of the same theme, since each previous game becomes a stepping stone for the next one. Want to try? Perhaps you will not get any worse. Do not be upset if there are not enough attributes, and do not delay the game. After all, you can adapt to its plot any available material. For this we need only a little imagination.
Think together with children how best to combine in one game the attributes and methods of the image used in different kinds of games. After all, the same story can be played on a flannel, and with the help of table-top toys, and other means. The possibilities for creativity of children and adults are not limited there. Preschoolers with the help of adults are able to produce simple attributes, scenery that would emphasize the characteristic features of the character or locale.
Different design of dolls: from a coil or fungus for darning;from a wooden spoon;from a milk package.